Term
| What is the difference between an anabolic and a catabolic reaction? |
|
Definition
| Anabolic uses energy; Catabolic releases energy |
|
|
Term
| Which conversion to body fat takes more energy: dietary fat or dietary carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
Dietary carbohydrates (25% energy to convert) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 basic units derived from food? |
|
Definition
- glucose
- glycerol
- fatty acids
- amino acids
|
|
|
Term
True or false:
Pyruvate can be used to make glucose. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the body needs energy quickly, pyruvate can be converted into _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In aerobic conditions, what cycle converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During fatty acid oxidation, how many carbons are cleaved from the fatty acid chain to join with a CoA? |
|
Definition
| 2 carbons are cleaved to join with a CoA |
|
|
Term
| How many acetyl CoA can a 16-carbon fatty acid yield? |
|
Definition
2-carbon + CoA = acetyl CoA
therefore...
8 acetyl CoA are yielded. |
|
|
Term
A person may have __________ disease if there is a high amount of ammonia in their blood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person may have ________ disease if they have high levels of urea in their blood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Briefly explain the TCA cycle. |
|
Definition
Pyruvate combines with a carbon dioxide to make oxaloacetate, which then combines with acetyl CoA to make a 6-carbon structure. Gradually, a carbon is released from the structure, resulting in carbon dioxide, a hydrogen ion, and an electron. This continues until the structure returns to 4 carbons.
The hydrogen and electron go on to the electron transport chain to produce ATP. |
|
|
Term
| Because hydrogen ions flow towards areas of low concentration, the ions pass back through the outer compartment of the ___________to the inner compartment , producing _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How does the body cope with a shift to fasting? |
|
Definition
| It produces ketone bodies (to provide energy to the nervous system) and slows metabolism (to conserve energy). |
|
|
Term
One drink equals _____ oz. of pure ethanol. It takes ________ hour(s) for the body to process one drink. |
|
Definition
|
|
