Term
| What is the basic structural and function unit of life? |
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Definition
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Term
| What four characteristics do all cells have in common *as listed by the authors of the text)? |
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Definition
| Sustain life, dispose of waste, maintain cellular shape and integrity, reproduce |
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Term
| What is the study of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who first described microorganisms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who first used the term "cell"? |
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Definition
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Term
| The work of several scientists led to the establishment of cell theory. What two German scientists are associated with this theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| During what time period did Schleiden and Schwann propose their theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three generalizations of cell theory? |
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Definition
1. All organisms are composed of cells
2. Cells are the smallest living unit
3. All cells come from earlier cells |
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Term
| List 3 types of microscopes used to study cells: |
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Definition
1. Light Microscope
2. Transmission Electron Microscope
3. Scanning Electron Microscope |
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Term
| Cells vary in size and shape. Why? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the eight functions of cells given by the authors: |
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Definition
| Covering, lining, storage, movement, connection, defense, communication, reproduction |
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Term
| List and define the three basic constituent parts of a typical cell: |
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Definition
1. Plasma membrane- ourter barrier of the cell
2. Cytoplasm- all organelles are found in this between the Plasma membrane and the Nucleus
3. |
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Term
| How does the plasma membrane function as the "gatekeeper" of the cell? |
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Definition
| Regulates what comes in and out of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic compounds that are insoluble in water |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic compounds that are insoluble in water |
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Term
| What are three types of lipids that are found in the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
1. phospholipids
2. Glycolipids
3. Cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| A complex of diverse molecules of smaller chains called Amino Acids |
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Term
| List and state the functions of proteins found in the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
Integral Protein- provide a tunnel through a membrane in which substances can pass through
Peripheral Proteins- functional and metabolic activity within the cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Organized smaller structures within the cell |
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Term
| Endoplasmic reticulum- what is this organelle? what is its function? |
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Definition
-extensive intracellular membrane network
-Synthesis, transportation, detoxification |
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Term
| What is the rough ER? what is its function? |
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Definition
| responsible to produce transport and store proteins |
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Term
| What makes the rough ER appear rough? |
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Definition
| Ribosomes fixed to the membrane make it look rough |
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Term
| What is the smooth ER? What are the various functions of this organelle? |
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Definition
| synthesis, transport, storage of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates and detoxification of drugs |
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Term
| Golgi Apparatus: What is it? |
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Definition
| Center for modifying, packaging, and sorting materials that arrive from the R.E.R. (membranous sacs or vescicles) |
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Term
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Definition
membrane sacs formed by the golgi
- digestion of material
-removal of waste
-self destruction |
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Term
| Peroxisomes- what are they? |
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Definition
Membrane enclosed sacs
-detoxify harmful substances
-makes h2o2 |
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Term
| Mitochondria- what are they? |
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Definition
organelles with a double membrane
-synthesize energy (ATP) the powerhouse |
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Term
| Ribosomes- define and what are the functions? |
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Definition
very small dense granules
-produce proteins |
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Term
| cystoskeleton- what is it and what are the functions of the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
composed of organized protein subunits
-provide structure to the cell
-helps with cell movement |
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Term
| what is the centriole containing region of clear cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the rodlike organelles which product spindle fiber during cell divisions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the numerous short hair like projections that wave and move substances along a passage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the long tubular structure who's whipping movements propels cells forward? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the thin immobile projections of the superficial surface of the plasma membrane that increase surface area? |
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Definition
| Microvilli (increase surface area) |
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Term
| Inclusions-what are they? |
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Definition
| Large group of chemical substances, temporarily stored by the cell |
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Term
| what is the complete term for DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Nuclear envelope- What is it? |
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Definition
| Controls the entry and exit of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm |
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Term
| How does the nuclear envelope differ from the plasma membrane in its structure? |
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Definition
Plasma membrane pertains to the whole cell
-nuclear envelope pertains to nucleus and cytoplasm. (nuclear pores)* |
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Term
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Definition
Dark-staining usually spherical
-make ribosomes |
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Term
| what is the DNA and the protein molecules it is wrapped around? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are tlinear structures formed from chromatin? |
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Definition
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