7-1

Cells

The basic unit of living matter in all organisms, consisting of protoplasm enclosed within a cell membrane.

7-2

Cell theory (3 parts)

all known living things are made up of cell, the cell is the basic unit of struction and function in all living things, and all cells come from pre-existing cells by division (spontaneous generation does not occur)

7-3

Robert Hooke

he used light microscope to examine plant tissues and he viewed cork and fave cells their name

7-4

Anton Van Leewenhoek

powerful lens used as magnifying instrument and he saw tiny living organisma in a drop of pond water

7-5

Matthias Schleiden

all plants are made of cells

7-6

Theodor Schwann

all animals are made of cells

7-7

Rudolf Virchow

all cells come from pre-existing cells

7-8

Cytoplasm

gel-like substance in cell, 70% water, 30% mixture of proteins, fats, ions, carbs, and nucleic acids

7-9

Prokaryotes

smaller, simpler cells, no nuclear membrane, no membrane-bound organelles

7-10

Eukaryotes

contains neclei and membrane-bound organellses, some are single-celled organisms (protists), and some are multi-celled (plants, animals, fungi)

7-11 

Organelles

A differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function.

7-12

Cell (plasma) membrane

the semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell

7-13

Cell wall

found in plants, algae, fungi, many prokaryotes, most allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. to pass through, main function is support and protection, and are made from fibers of carbohydrates (mostly cellulose) and protein

7-14

Robert Brown

identified nucleus, knew it was important

7-15a 

chromatin and chromosomes

DNA and proteins, thread-like

chromatin, becomes thicker, rod-like in appearance-visible during celll division

7-15b

Nucleolus

small, dense region in the nucleus, makes ribosomes and RNA

7-15c

Nuclear envelope (membrane)

surrounds nucleus, double membrane, contains pores which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus

7-16a

Microtubules

important in cell division, form centrioles in animal cells

7-16b

Microfilaments

long, thin fibers that function in movement and support cell, produce tough, flexible framework that support cell, and forms extensive networks in some cells

7-17

Ribosomes

protein synthesis, found on rough ER or can be free-floating in cytoplasm

7-18

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth vs. rough)

rough- had ribosomes (makes and modifies protein)

smooth- no ribosomes (contains collections of enzymes that preform specialized tasks, such as synthesis of lipids

7-19

Golgi apparatus

saclike structure for storage and secretion of chemicals

7-20

Vacuoles

saclike structures for storage and digestion

7-21

Lysosomes

A membrane-bound organelle in the cytoplasm of most cells containing various hydrolytic enzymes that function in intracellular digestion

7-22

Centrioles

located near nucleus, small rod-shaped paired bodies, found only in animal celss

7-23a

Grana (chloroplasts)

plate-like stacks of inner membrane, trap light energy, contains chlorophyll

7-23b

stroma (chloroplasts)

fluid surrounding grana, glucose is produced

7-24

Mitochondria (with cristae)

power house of the cell, site of cellular resporation, formation of ATP

7-25

Cilia

small, hair-like projections from cell membrane, provide locomotion

7-26

Flagella

tail-like structures that provide locomotion, usually appears singly or in pairs

7-27

Symbiotic theory

sometime during evolution, prokaryotic cells were engulfed  by other cells to become the ancestors of eukaryotes

7-28

Symbiosis

a relationship in which two organisms live in close association example- bacteria in gut

7-29

Lynn Margulis

American biologist who suggested the symbiotic theory

7-30

Plant cells vs. Animal cells

Animal cells don't have a cell wall, lysosomes, and chloroplasts