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| About how many immigrants came to the United States around 1890? |
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| Why did immigrants come to America? |
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-to escape religious persecution -the rising population -a spirit of reform and revolt in Europe |
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An immigration station off the shore of New York City. Everyone entering the US from the east had to pass inspection there before being admitted into the country. |
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An immigration station in San Francisco Bay. Everyone entering the US from the west had to pass an inspection here before being admitted into the country. |
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the confustion and anxiety that result from living in an unfamiliar culture |
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a mixture of people from different cultures and races who blend tgether by abandoning their native languages and cultures
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a law, enacted in 1882, that prohibited all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials from entering the United States
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a 1907-1908 agreement by the government of Japan to limit Japanese emigration to the United States
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| Why did immigrants and migrants move from rural areas to cities? |
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Immigrants -cheapest and most convenient places to live -offered unskiled laborers steady jobs in mills and factories -social support of other immigrants Migrants -more farming technology put many country laborers out of work -many African Americans found cities to be slightly more accepting and less descrminatory |
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| What were some cultural attractions to city life? |
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-life was varied and exciting -each city had it's own "personality" -cultural attractions sometimes mad up for the hardships of city life |
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-the growth of cities -the movement of many people from rural areas to cities |
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| What kind of problems did urbanization cause for cities? |
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-there was not enough housing and what there was consisted of a few small rooms with around 8 people -houses were often infested with vermin -the transportation systems had to be kept in constant good condition -many people had no or very poor plumbing that carried diseases -most cities were filled with wooden dwellings so fires were common and hard to stop -as the population grew so did the crime and violence rates
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an education program designed to help immigrants assimilate to American culture
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a single-family dwelling that shares side walls with other, similar houses
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a long, narrow, five- or six-story building shaped like a barbell
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| What was the purpose of social reform programs? |
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-to aid the poor -to improve urban life |
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a 19th-century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty
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a community center providing assistance to residents–particularly immigrants–in a slum neighborhood
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| co-founder of Chicago's Hull House |
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-controlled many jobs and buisnesses -can provide government support for new buisnesses -can build parks, sewer systems, and waterworks, and give $ to schools, hospitals, and orphanages
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| Describe the structure of the political machine. |
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It's organized like a pyramid: -city boss -ward bosses -local workers and captains (worked to gain voters' support on a city block/neighborhood; reported to a ward boss) |
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| Why did immigrants support the political machine? |
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-they recieved sympathetic understanding from political machines -many political bosses were 1st/2nd generation immigrants -bosses spoke to immigrants in their native language -understood the immigrants' problems and provided solutions |
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an organized group that controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and businesses in exchange for poitiacal and financial support |
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the return of a part of a payment usually as a result of intimidation or a secret agreement
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the illegal use of political influence for personal gain
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a political cartoonist who ridiculed Tweedi n the New York Times and in Harper's Weekly |
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New York City's most powerful political macine
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a group corrupt New York politicians, led by William Marcy "Boss" Tweed, who took a much as $2 million from the city between 1869 and 1871 |
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an officeholder's power to appoint people–usually those who have helped him or her get elected–to positions in government
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the nonmilitary branches of government administration
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a Republican who supportewd the New York political boss Roscoe Conkling and opposed the civil service reform |
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under this system, jobs in civil service–government administration–would go to the most qualified people, regardless of their political views
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a system which gave positions in the cabinet all the way down to jobs that involved scrubbing the white house steps to people who had helped the candidate win the election for president |
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-president in 1876 -he reformed the civil-service system -he removed positions in the cabinet that had no use -he inspected every inch of the US political system and weeded out corrupt areas |
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An independent that ran for president. He was elected then assasinated by a mentally unstable lawyer, Charles Guiteau, whom Garfield had turned down for a job. |
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| He ran against Garfield for president and lost. After Garfield's assasination, he became president. |
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a law, enacted in 1883, that established a bipartisan civil service commission tomake appointments to government jobs by means of the merit system
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-was elected for president two times, nonconsecutively -tried to lower tariff rates but Congress wouldn't support him |
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-president of the US between Cleveland's two terms -wanted to raise tariffs -passed a law that raised tariffs to their highest rate ever |
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-passed durring Harrison's presidency in 1890 -raised tariffs to their highest ever |
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-became law without president Cleveland's signature in 1894
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