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| a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power to solve problems |
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-people would hand over their rights to strong rulers, in exchange for law and order
-created by Thomas Hobbes |
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-different, positive view of human nature
-believed people could learn from experience+improve themselves
-a government's power comes from consent of the people |
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| the social critics of this period in france |
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| published more than 70 books of political essays, philosophy and drama |
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-devoted himself to the study of political liberty
-believed that Britain was the best governed and most politically balanced country of his own day |
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-passionately committed to individual freedom,
-won recognition as a writer of essays |
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-among the most persuasive women of the 1700's,
-published an essay called a vindication of the rights of women in 1792 |
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| regular social gatherings held by hostesses |
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-characterized by a grand, ornate design
-European art of the 1600's and early 1700's had been dominated by baroque |
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| the artistic style of the late 1700's |
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| monarchs that embraced the new ideas and made reforms that reflected enlightenment spirit |
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-king of Prussia, committed himself to reforming Prussia
-granted religious freedom, reduced censorship, improved education
-reformed justice system+abolished use of torture
-called himself the first servant of the state instead of being called king |
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-all people are born free and equal with three natural rights, life liberty and property
-the purpose of government is to protect these rights, if the gov. fails to do so, citizens have the right to over throw them |
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| whose idea was it to develop Separation of powers and what was the impact |
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Montesquieu
-France, US, and american Latin nations use separation of powers in new constitution |
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| whose idea was the freedom of thought and expression, and also religious freedom and what impact did it have |
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-Voltaire
-guaranteed in US bill of rights and french declaration of the rights of man and citizen;European monarchs reduce or eliminate censorship |
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| whose idea was it to abolish torture and what impact did it have |
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-Beccaria
-guaranteed in US bill of rights;torture outlawed or reduced in nations of Europe and the Americans |
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| whose idea was it to have women's equality and what impact did it have |
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Marty Wollstonecraft
-women's rights groups form in Europe and north america |
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-Diderot created a large set of books to which many leading scholars of Europe contributed articles and essays
-began publishing the first volumes in 1751 |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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-July 1776 second continental congress issued a document written by political leader Thomas Jefferson
-firmly based on the ideas of john Locke and the Enlightenment
-document ending declaring the colonies independence from britain |
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| each branch checked the actions of the other 2 branches |
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-constitution created a strong central government, it didn't eliminate local governments
-constitution divided power between national and state governments |
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-to gain support the federalists added a bill of rights to the constitution
-congress formally added to the constitution the ten amendments known as the bill of rights |
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in February 1787, congress approved a constitutional convention to revise the articles of confederation
-held its first session may 25th 1787 |
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-expressed his views in his work leviathan
-the horrors of the English civil war convinced him all humans were naturally selfish and wicked |
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