Term
|
Definition
| Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat herding; early converts to Islam. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leaders of the tribes and clans within bedouin society; usually men with large heads and several wives, children, and retainers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a large city located in the mountainous region along the Red Sea in Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of Ka’ba original home of Muhammad; location of chief religious pilgrimage point in Islam. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Yathrib) town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to Bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca (hijra).
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prophet of Islam; born c. 570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by father’s family; received revelations from Allah in 610 C.E. and died in 632. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First wife of the prophet Muhammad, who had worked for her as a trader. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flight to Medina; marks first year of Islamic calendar. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Islamic month of religious observance requiring fasting from dawn to sunset. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A Muslim’s pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, to worship Allah and the Ka’ba.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Struggle; often used for wars in defense of the faith. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Political and theological division within Islam; supported the Umayyads. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (i.e. Shi’ites) political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design. |
|
|
