Term
-What is the purpose of oxidation of glucose ?
- what is the equation? |
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Definition
-break down of carbohydrates to generate energy to power the cell
C6H12O6 --> ^CO2 + 6H2O + energy |
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Term
- 3 stages of oxidation, what are they?
- what is energy then converted to? |
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Definition
1) gycolysis (10 reactions)
2) citric acid cycle (TCA or Krebs Cycle)
3) oxidative phosphorylation
energy converted to ATP or Heat |
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Term
| How many steps in glycolysis and is Oxygen needed? |
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Definition
-has 10 steps, catalyzed by specific enzyme
- does not require oxygen
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Term
| summary of overall reaction of glyolysis |
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Definition
Glucose + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi ---> 2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2ATP + 2H2O
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Term
in the aerobic pathway:
- what is oxidized and decarboxylated?
- what is reduced?
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Definition
- pyruvate is oxidized and decarboxylated
- NAD+ is reduced to NADH |
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Term
| What does the Citric acid cycle start with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the overall equation fo the Citric Acid cycle? |
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Definition
| Oxaloacetate + Acetyl CoA + 3H2O + ADP + Pi + 3NADP+ + FAD ---> Oxaloacetate + 2CO2 + CoA + ATP + 3NADH + 3H+ + FADH2 |
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Term
What does the electron transport chain do?
- what is the role of NADH
- what does the released energy drive? |
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Definition
- electrons of NADH and FADH2 passed to lower energy level oxygen
- released energy drives Proton Gradient. |
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Term
What is an aerobic pathway ?
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Definition
| Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
part of oxidative phosp.,
- what is chemiosmotic coupling?
- what is established across inner membrane?
- what does the potential energy gradient generate?
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Definition
- proton gradient is established
- generates ATP from ADP + Pi |
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Term
how many overal ATP produced from glycolysis ?
from pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
from Krebs cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can other substrate can be used for respiration, specifically what can be converted to Acetyl CoA? |
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Definition
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Term
Anaerobic pathway:
-lactate fermentation
- alcohol fermentation
- what is overal reaction |
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Definition
- bacteria, fungi, animal cells
- yeast, plant cells
- glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi --> 2 ethanol + 2CO2 + 2ATP + 2H2O |
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Term
| is anerobic pathway more or less efficient than aerobic? |
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Definition
| less efficient, but adequate for many organisms |
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