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Chapter 5 Vocabulary
Evolution and Genetics
28
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
09/30/2013

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Term
Evolution
Definition
transformation of species; descent with modification
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
selection of favored forms through differential reproductive success
Term
Uniformitarianism
Definition
belief that natural forces at work today also explain past events
Term
Population Genetics
Definition
field that studies genetics of breeding populations
Term
Dominant
Definition
term describing an allele that masks another allele in a heterozygote
Term
Recessive
Definition
term describing a genetic trait masked by a dominant trait
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
paired lengths of DNA, composed of multiple genes
Term
Gene
Definition
place (locus) on a chromosome that determines a particular trait
Term
Allele
Definition
a variant of a particular gene
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
having dissimilar alleles of a given gene
Term
Homozygous
Definition
having identical alleles of a given gene
Term
Genotype
Definition
an organism's hereditary makeup
Term
Phenotype
Definition
an organism's evident biological traits
Term
Mutations
Definition
change in DNA molecules
Term
Independent Assortment
Definition
chromosomes inherited independently of one another
Term
Mitosis
Definition
ordinary cell division
Term
Meiosis
Definition
process by which sex cells are produced
Term
Crossing Over
Definition
homologous chromosomes intertwine and exchange DNA
Term
Gene Pool
Definition
all the genetic material in a breeding population
Term
Genetic Evolution
Definition
change in gene (allele) frequency in a breeding population
Term
Adaptive
Definition
favored by natural selection
Term
Sexual Selection
Definition
selection of traits that enhance mating success
Term
Balanced Polymorphism
Definition
alleles maintain a constant frequency in a population over time
Term
Random Genetic Drift
Definition
genetic change due to chance
Term
Gene Flow
Definition
exchange of genetic material through interbreeding
Term
Species
Definition
population whose members can interbreed to produce offspring that live and reproduce
Term
Speciation
Definition
formation of new species
Term
Punctuated Equilibrium
Definition
long periods of stability, with occasional evolutionary leaps
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