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| branch of social science that uses the scientific method of the natural sciences and suggests that human bahvior is a product of social, biological, psychological, or economic forces |
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personality characteristized by a lack of warmth and feelings, inapproriate behavior responses, and an inability to learn from experience.
can be a result of childhood trauma or biological abnormality |
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(Lombroso) the physical characteristics that distinguish born criminals from the general population
simlilar to primitive people and/or animals |
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belief that criminal traits can be aquired through heredity
- indirect-degenerate family whose members suffered from ills
- direct- being related to a family of criminals
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| early efforts to discover a biological basis of crime through measurement of physical and mental processes |
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| view that traces the activities of several generations of families believed to have a large number of criminal members |
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system developed on categorizing people based on their body build
- mesomorphs- muscular/athletic, MOST LIKELY to become criminals
- endomorphs- heavy/slow moving, less likely to commit violent crimes, more willing for small crimes
- ectomorphs- tall/thin/nerdy, LEAST LIKELY
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| approach that focuses on the interaction between biological and social factors |
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| belief that NO serious consideration should be given to biological factors when attempting to understand human nature |
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| stresses that biological and genetic conditions affect how social behaviors are learned and perceived |
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| people are motivated by the belief that their actions will be reciprocated and that their gene survival capability will be enhanced |
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view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological and/or psychological traits,
believe that one single theory explains all criminality,
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| all infividuals are equal at birth to learn and achieve but shaped uniquelly by experiences |
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| when glucose in the blood falls below levels necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning |
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| male sex hormones that produce aggressive behavior |
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| most abundent androgen that have been linked to violence and aggresion at excessive levels |
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the part of the brain that controls sympathetic feelings towards others that androgens influence
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| premenstrual syndrome (PMS) |
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| females are more likely to be violent and aggressive during PMS (Dalton's research) |
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| cause excessive reaction in the brain |
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| allergies that affect the nervous system |
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the study of brain activity
association between neurological disorders & antisocial behavior
- direct- neurological deficits may be direct cause of antisocial behavior
- indirect- neurological impairments lead to certain personality traits that are linked to antisocial behavior
- interactive- neurological traits+traits to produce antisocial behavior
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| electroencephalograph (EEG) |
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| measures brain waves amd neurophysiological functioning |
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| minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) |
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| abnormality in cerebral structure that interrupts someones lifestyle and flow & linked to serious antiscoial acts, 95% accuracy |
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| type of MBD, disorder in basic process in understanding or using languages |
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| Attention Deficit Hyperacitive Disorder (ADHD) |
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| developmental inappropriate lack of attention which is linked to a deliquent career |
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| children with ADHD who continually engage in aggressive and antisocial behavior in early childhood |
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| chemical restraints/straightjackets |
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| antipsychotic drug that are used to lower neurotransmitters in violence prone people |
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theory that states peoples brains respond differently to different stimuli and everyone has their own level of preferred arousal
- too much leaves us anxious, too little leaves us bored
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those who require a high level of environmental input to feel comfortable, acitivties that fulfill these needs could be aggressive and violent behaviors
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| genetic predispositions & early experiences make some people suseptible to deviant behavior which is transmitted by the presence of antisocial siblings |
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| psychodynamic perspective |
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| view that focuses on childhood experiences and their effects on personality |
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| type of psychological trait theory that stresses social learning and behavior modeling as the keys to personality |
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| type of pychological trait theory that analyzes human persception and how it affects behavior |
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- id- primitive part of personals mental makeup present at birth
- pleasure principle- instant gratification w/o concern
- ego- helps refine the demands of id within social norm
- reality principle- takes into account what is practical by societal standards
- superego- adds moral standards and value to personality
- conscience- what is right and wrong
- ego ideal
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instinct and perserve life, most basic human drive present at birth
expressed sexually |
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| death instinct which is expressed as aggression |
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| psychosexual stages of human development |
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- oral- 1st year
- anal- 2nd and 3rd years
- phallic- 3rd year
- oedipus complex- son loves mother
- electra complex- daughter loves father
**if conflicts are encountered at certain stage, person may become fixated/stuck at that stage even later in life
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| describes people who have feelings of inferiority where they compensate them with a drive for superiority |
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| predisposition that psychologically prepared youths for anticosial acts |
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| view that the ability to form attachments (emotional bond to another person) can have a life long effect on psychological implications |
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| deficit in emotional cognition that prevents people from being aware of their feelings |
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| branch of behavior theory that states people are not born with a trait that makes them aggressive but that they learn to be violent through their life experiences |
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| process of learning through examples of others whether it be family, environmental, or media |
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| stresses getting in touch with one's feelings and self awareness |
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branch that focuses on the way people process, store, encode, retrieve, and manipulate info to make decisions and solve problems
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| reasonably stable patterns of behavior that distinguish one from another |
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| sadistic personality disorder |
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| repeating pattern of cruel and demeaning behavior, prone to engage in violent attacks motivated by sexual sadism |
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| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
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| most widely used psych test thats used to measure many different personality traits |
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| California Personality Inventory (CPI) |
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| test used to distinguish deviants from non-deviants |
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| Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) |
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| tests personality traits such as control, aggression, and well-being |
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nature- biological factors, genetics & ancestory
nurture-sociological factors, learned experiences |
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| primary prevention programs |
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| program that seeks to treat personal problems before they turn into crimes |
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| secondary prevention programs |
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| programs that provide psychological counseling to people who are at risk for law violation |
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| tertiary prevention program |
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| programs that may be required as a part of probation order |
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