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Chapter 5
Study Guide questions
100
Medical
Professional
04/25/2014

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Term
Human anatomy deals with
Definition
Structural composition of the body
Term
Pronation of the hand is the act of
Definition
Turning the hand palm down
Term
Body plane that divides the body into equal portions
Definition
Midsagittal
Term
When you are facing someone in normal anatomical position, at which body plane are you looking?
Definition
Frontal
Term
Which body plane divides the body into upper and lower portions
Definition
Transverse
Term
Distal
Definition
Farthest from the point of attachmnet
Term
Plantar surface of the foot
Definition
Sole or bottom
Term
Heart and lungs are located
Definition
Thoracic Cavity
Term
Body cavities separated by the diaphragm
Definition
Abdominal and Thoracic
Term
Simple compounds are transformed by the body into complex substances in the process
Definition
Anabolism
Term
Strands of deoxyribonucleic acid
Definition
Human chromosomes
Term
Cellular structure that plays a role in assembling proteins from amino acids
Definition
Ribosome
Term
Oval or rod-shaped organelles that play a role in energy production
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
Adipose Tissue
Definition
Fat
Term
Skeletal system produces
Definition
Blood cells
Term
Disorder associated with the skeletal system
Definition
Osteochondritis
Term
Laboratory test asscoiated with the skeletal system
Definition
Alkaline phosphate
Term
One way muscle type is determined
Definition
Nervous control
Term
Abbreviation for a test associated with the muscular system
Definition

CK

Creatine Kinase

Term
Type of mucle under voluntary nervous control
Definition
Skeletal
Term
Function of the skin
Definition
Temperature control
Term
Skin structure that gives rise to fingerprints
Definition
Papillae
Term
Blood vessels of the skin are found only in
Definition
Corium and subcutaneous tissue
Term
Test often associated with the integumentary system
Definition
Fungal culture
Term
Pathology is the science and specialty practice concerned with all aspects of disease
Definition
TRUE
Term
Avascular skin layer
Definition
Epidermis
Term
Integumentary system produces
Definition
Melanin
Term
Cells described as stratified and keratinized epithelial cells in this skin structure
Definition
Epidermis
Term
Brain and spinal cord comprise
Definition
Central Nervous System
Term
Spinal cavity is enclosed and protected by three layers of connective tissue called
Definition
Meninges
Term
Structure that belongs in the peripheral nervous system
Definition
Afferent nerves
Term
Fundamental units of the nervous system
Definition
Neurons
Term
Bones of particular importance in blood collection are the distal pharynx of the finger and the calcaneus
Definition
TRUE
Term
Gland that is an integumentary system structure
Definition
Sebaceous
Term
Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by
Definition
Kidneys
Term
Excessive growth hormone in adulthood can cause the function of the
Definition
Adrenals
Term
Body structures that secrete hormone called B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Definition
Ventricles
Term
T4 and TSH are abbreviations for tests that measure
Definition
Thyroid function
Term
Master gland of the endocrine system
Definition
Pituitary gland
Term
Growth hormone (GH) levels test function of
Definition
Pituitary
Term
Substance secreted by the Islet of Langerhans
Definition
Glucagon
Term
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also called
Definition
Vasopressin
Term
Gland most active before birth and during childhood
Definition
Thymus
Term
Gland affected by light and helps create the diurnal rhythm of the sleep-wake cycle
Definition
Pineal
Term
Hormone that increases metabolism
Definition
Thyroxine
Term
Hepatitis is a disorder that primarily affects the
Definition
Liver
Term
Bile is stored in
Definition
Gallbladder
Term
Structure of the male reproductive system
Definition
Epididymis
Term
Female gametes are produced in
Definition
Ovaries
Term
Urinary system structures
Definition
Glorneruli, nephrons, ureters
Term
Substance secreted by kidneys that plays a role in incresing blood pressure
Definition
Renin
Term
Tufts of capillaries that are filtering components of the urinary system
Definition
Glorneruli
Term
During internal respiration
Definition
Oxygen enters the cells in the tissues
Term
During normal respiratory function, bicarbonate ion acts as a buffer to keep blood pH within range
Definition
7.35 to 7.45
Term
Acidosis can result from
Definition
High carbon dioxide levels
Term
Major cause of respiratory distress in infants and young children
Definition
Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Term
Decresed partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the capillaries of the tissues causes
Definition
Oxygen to disassociate from hemoglobin
Term
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) in premature infants is caused by a lack of
Definition
Surfactant
Term
Hematopoiesis is a function of
Definition
Skeletal system
Term
Sacrum is located on the posterior side of thoracic cavity
Definition
FALSE
Term
Individual has control over their striated muscles
Definition
TRUE
Term
Epiglottis protects the esophagus from air entering the stomach
Definition
FALSE
Term
Person who is standing erect with arms at the side and eyes and palms facing forward
Definition
Anatomical position
Term
True statement
Definition
Big toe on medial side of foot
Term
True statement
Definition
Abdominal cavity is inferior to the diaphragm
Term
Dorsal body cavity
Definition
Spinal cavity
Term
Balanced or "steady state" condition normally maintained by body
Definition
Homeostasis
Term
Result of all chemical and physical reactions in the body
Definition
Metabolism
Term
Cellular structure contains chromosomes and called command center of cell
Definition
Nucleus
Term
Skeletal system structures
Definition
Phalanges
Term
Bone categorized as short bone
Definition
Carpals
Term
Wasting or decrease in size of muscle
Definition
Atrophy
Term
Function of the muscular system
Definition
Maintenance of posture
Term
Directional terms are relative positions in respect to other parts of the body based on whether body is standing or lying
Definition
FALSE
Term
Thoracic cavity is separated from abdominal cavity by the pelvis
Definition
FALSE
Term
Most cells are not able to duplicate themselves
Definition
FALSE
Term
Bones of the skeletal system help keep blood moving through veins
Definition
FALSE
Term
Gland produces "fight or flight" hormones
Definition
Adrenal
Term
Chromosomes X and Y determine eye color
Definition
FALSE
Term
Structure part of digestive system
Definition
Gallbladder
Term
Premature infants can be given animal or synthetic surfactant through inhalation in effort to treat infant respiratory distress syndrome
Definition
TRUE
Term
Digestive system structures include
Definition
Esophagus and salivary glands
Term
Reproductive system functions include production
Definition
Gametes
Term
Type of muscle lining blood vessels
Definition
Visceral
Term
Male gamets
Definition
Sperm
Term
Gas exchange between blood and tissue
Definition
Capillaries
Term
Structure of female reproductive system
Definition
Oviduct
Term
Accessory organ to digestive system
Definition
Liver
Term
Function of urinary system
Definition
Electrolyte balance
Term
Ability of oxygen to combine with this substance in the red blood cells increases by up to 70 times the amount of oxygen that can be carried in the blood
Definition
Hemoglobin
Term
Respiratory system structures
Definition
Bronchioles, epiglottis, pleura
Term
Exchange of O2 and CO2 in lungs takes place in
Definition
Alveoli
Term
Person having difficulty breathing
Definition
Dyspnea
Term
Body system controls and coordinates activities of all other body systems
Definition
Nervous
Term
Elimination of waste products part of which system
Definition
Digestive
Term
Elevated blood sugar
Definition
Hyperglycemia
Term
System responsible for releasing hormones into bloodstream
Definition
Endocrine
Term
Proximal
Definition
Nearest to point of attachment
Term
Powerful chemical substances secreted directly into bloodstream
Definition
Hormones
Term
Alveoli are located in lungs
Definition
TRUE
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