Term
Write the equation for the equilibrium constant, Keq, for the chemical reaction
ATP + 2H2O ↔AMP + 2HPO2−4 + 2H+ |
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Definition
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Term
| Write the first law of thermodynamics. |
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Definition
| The total energy of an isolated system is conserved. |
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Term
Write the equation for the change of internal energy, E, and define the terms of
the equation. |
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Definition
ΔE = q + w
q : heat absorbed by the system from the surroundings
w : work done on the system by the surroundings |
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Term
| Write the equation for enthalpy, H, and define the terms of the equation. |
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Definition
H = E + PV
E : internal energy
P : pressure
V : volume |
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Term
| Write the equation for mechanical work. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the SI unit of work, and abbreviation? |
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Definition
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Term
If the volume, V , stays constant in a process, then what is the change of internal
energy, E, in terms of q, P, and V (internal energy, pressure, and volume, respectively)?
(Show work.) |
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Definition
E = q + w
= q − PΔV
= q − P (0)
= q |
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Term
If the pressure, P, stays constant in a process, then what is the change of enthalpy,
H, in terms of q, P, and V (internal energy, pressure, and volume, respectively)?
(Show work.) |
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Definition
ΔH = ΔE + PΔV
= q + w + PΔV
= q − PΔV + PΔV
= q |
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Term
| State the second law of thermodynamics. |
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Definition
| An isolated system evolves towards maximum disorder. |
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Term
| Write the equation for the thermodynamic definition of entropy and define its terms. |
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Definition
dSrev = dq/T
dSrev : change of energy in a system in a reversible process
dq : heat transferred in a reversible process
T : temperature |
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Term
| Write the equation for the Boltzmann entropy and define its terms. |
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Definition
S = k lnW
S : entropy
k : Boltzmann’s constant
W : number of different configurations (“microstates”) of a system |
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Term
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Definition
| the state of minimum potential energy |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the universe with which we are concerned |
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Term
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Definition
| everything in the universe except for the portion with which we are concerned |
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Term
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Definition
| can not exchange matter or energy with its surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| can exchange energy but not matter with its surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| may exchange matter, energy, or both with its surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
all energies that might be exchanged in physical or chemical processes;
includes rotational, vibrational, and translational energies of the molecules as well as
energy available for bonds |
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Definition
| movement through some distance caused by the application of force |
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