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| Somewhat like rungs on a ladder. Each electron orbit in bothers model has a fixed energy. The fixed energies an electron can have are called energy levels. |
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| The amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level |
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| Determines the allowed energies an electron can have and how likely it is to find an electron in various locations around the nucleus. |
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| A region not space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron |
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| The way electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms |
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| Says electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first |
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| Pauli exclusion principle |
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| An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons. Either one or two electrons can occupy an s or a p orbital. To occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have an opposite spin |
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| States that electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible |
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| The waves height from zero to the crest |
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| The distance between the crests of a wave |
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| The number of wave cycles to ass a given point per unit of time |
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| Electromagnetic radiation |
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| Make up light. Includes radio waves, x rays, gamma rays, microwaves, infrared waves, and visible light |
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| Different frequencies of sunlight when passing through a prism. Example is a rainbow |
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| When the frequencies of light emitted by an element separate into discrete lines |
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| When an electron has its lowest possible energy |
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| Light quanta are called photons. Quanta behave as if they are particles |
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| Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
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| States that it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position ofof a particle at the same time |
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| When an electron absorbs energy |
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| The SI unit of energy. 4.184J equal 1 calorie |
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S orbital...are spherical
P orbitals are dumbbell shaped
D orbitals are mostly clover shaped
F or Italy's...shapes are more complicated than d |
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