Term
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Definition
Diffusion across the phospholipid bilayer of a cell
as a rule only steroids, lipids and small lipophillic mollecules can diffuse accross the membrane through simple diffusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement across a membrane with the aid of a protein transporter |
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Term
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Definition
| when mediated transport is passive and moves particles down a concentration gradient and if net transport stop when concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| when protein mediated transport requires ATP and moves molecules against the concentration gradient. |
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Term
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Definition
Three major roles:
connect membrane to cytoskeleton to retain shape of the cell
create cell junctions that hold cells together
attach cells to extracelluar matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyze chemical reactions that take place on the cell's external surface or just inside the cell |
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Definition
| part of the body's chemical signaling system |
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Term
| membrane transport protein |
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Definition
Divided into two categories:
channel proteins: create water-filled passageways the directly connect the intracellular and extracellular compartments
Carrier proteins: bind to the substrates they carry but never form a direct connection between the intracellular and extracellular compartments |
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Definition
Channels whose open state is controlled by binding to a chemical ligand |
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Term
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Definition
| A gated channel that opens or closes in response to a change in membrane potential |
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Term
| mechanically gated channel |
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Definition
| A channel that opens in response to mechanical stimuli such as pressure and heat |
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Definition
| A membrane transport protein that moves only one kind of molecule |
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Definition
| A protein that moves more than one kind of molecule at one time |
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Definition
| A membrane transport protein that moves two or more molecules in the same direction across a membrane |
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Term
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Definition
A membrane transport protein that moves two or more molecules in opposite directions across a membrane |
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Term
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Definition
the energy to push molecules against their concentration gradients comes directly from the high energy ATP
Hydrolizes ATP into ADP, releasing energy in the process. |
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Term
| Secondary Active Transport |
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Definition
Uses potential energy of one type of molecule to move other molecules against a concentration gradient.
All secondary active transport relies on Primary Active Transport to create the concentration gradients required for movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| simple sugar, used to create energy |
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Term
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Definition
| energy storing, a way to store glucose |
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Definition
| a hormone which increase blood glucose levels |
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