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| a natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure and a characteristic set of physical properties. |
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| five questions to determine if a substance is a mineral |
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1. Is it organic?
2. Does th esubstance occur naturally?
3. Is it a solid?
4. Is it in crystalline form?
5. Does it have a consistent chemical compostion? |
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| the common minerals that form the rocks that make up Earth's crust. |
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| a mineral that contains a comvination of silicon adn wxygen, and that may also contain one or more metals. |
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| a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen. |
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| a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. |
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| silicon-oxygen tetrahedra |
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the basic unit of the structure of silicate minerals; a silicon ion chemically bonded to and surrounded by four oxygen ions. |
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| only atoms other than silicon adn oxygen atoms link silicon-oxygen tetrahedra. |
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| form when shared oxygen atoms join the tetrahedra to form three, four, or six sided rings. |
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| each tetrahedron is bonded to two others by shared oxygen atoms |
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| two single chains of tetrahedra bond to eachother. |
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| each tetrahedron shares three oxygen atoms with teh other tetreahedra. |
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| each tetrahedron is bonded to four neighboring tetrahedra to for a three dimensional network. |
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earth scientists who examine analyse adn classify minerals |
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| physical properties of minerals |
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| color, streak, luster, cleavage adn fracture, hardness, crystal shape, density |
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| a reliable clue to the identity of a mineral that is the color of the mineral in powedered form. |
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light that is reflected from a mineral's surface |
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| if th emineral reflects light |
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| the tendancy of a mineral to split alson the specific lpanes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces. |
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| the tendency to break unevenly into pieces with curced or irregular surfaces. |
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| curved surfaces of a fracture. |
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| teh measure of ability of a mineral to resist scratching |
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the standard scale against which the hardness of minerals is rated |
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| the ratio of th emass of a substance to the volume of the substance. |
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| the ability to glow under ultraviolet light. |
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the property of some simerals that continue to glow after the ultraviolet light is turned off |
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| chatoyancy or the cat's eye effect |
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| the result of closely packed parallel fibers within the mineral |
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| the phenomenon in which a six-sided star shape appers when a mineral reflects light. |
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| th ebending of light rays as they pass from one substance such as air to another such as a mineral. |
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| the property of minerals that bend light in such a way that they produce a double image of any object viewed through them. |
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| the arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of some atoms is unstable |
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| native element, bad smell |
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