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Chapter 5-Earthquakes
Vocabulary
25
Science
7th Grade
11/07/2011

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Term
fault
Definition
the surface on which broken rock moves
Term
stress
Definition
a constant force or pressure
Term
MoHo
Definition
the discontinuity between the crust and mantle
Term
anticline
Definition
a group of rock layers that slope downwards
Term
shadow zone
Definition
zone where no seismic waves reach
Term
earthquake
Definition
vibrations from rock breaking
Term
focus
Definition
where the earthquake occurs
Term
magnitude
Definition
energy released during earthquake
Term
syncline
Definition
a group of rock layers that slope upwards
Term
normal fault
Definition
a fault where the hanging wall slides downward
Term
strike-slip fault
Definition
a fault where the hanging wall moves in the same or opposite direction as the footwall
Term
seismograph
Definition
a tool used to measure seismic energy
Term
monocline
Definition
a set of layers that all slope downwards
Term
P wave
Definition
the fastest type of wave, rock moves back and forth in same direction
Term
reverse fault
Definition
a fault where the hanging wall slides upwards
Term
epicenter
Definition
the point directly above the focus
Term
liquefaction
Definition
shaking causes soil to act like a liquid
Term
liquefaction
Definition
shaking causes soil to act like a liquid
Term
S wave
Definition
rock moves at right angle, second fastest
Term
Gap Hypothesis
Definition
the longer a fault has a period of inactivity, the bigger the earthquake there will be
Term
tension
Definition
the force that pulls rock apart
Term
seismic wave
Definition
a wave caused by the breaking of rock
Term
tsunami
Definition
ocean wave caused by earthquake
Term
tsunami
Definition
ocean wave caused by earthquake
Term
surface wave
Definition
rock moves in circular, rolling motion, slowest
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