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| this political party believed that manufacturing and trade are the basis of a national wealth |
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| the Supreme Court's power to decide wether laws passed by Congress are constitutional and to strike down those that are not |
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| this individual remained Chief Justice for more than 30 years, building the Supreme Court into a powerful, influential, and independent branch |
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| this document ended the war of 1812 and restored prewar boundaries but did not mention neutral rights or impressment, and no territory changed hands |
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| tax paid by manufacturer of a product and passed on to those who buy the product |
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| powers not explicitly listed in the Constitution but necessary for the government to do its job |
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| theory that states have the right to declare a federal law invalid |
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| small group of Federalists who drafted a plan to take New England out of the Union |
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| powers specifically mentioned in the Constitution |
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| of the United States at the start of the War of 1812 was to conquer Canada |
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| Shoshone Indian woman who joined the Lewis and Clark expedition as a guide |
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| in this Battle the United States fleet defeated the British fleet |
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| gave the United States the right to navigate the Mississippi River |
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| paper notes promising to eventually repay money with interest |
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| concerned French demands for bribes from the United States |
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| in this treaty the British agreed to not discriminate against the United States in trade |
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| opposed the Bank of the United States because he believed the Constitution did not give the federal government the power to create a bank |
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| theory that if the federal government did something unconstitutional the state could interpose between the federal government and the people to stop the action |
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| mapped much of the upper Mississippi in 1805, and in 1806 headed west to Colorado |
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| members of Congress who wanted to declare war on Britain |
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| this undeclared war between the United States and France was fought at sea |
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| the United States gained this territory by buying it from France |
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| was written by Frances Scott Key after the bombardment of Fort McHenry |
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| During the War of 1812, he secretly arranged for the construction of a fleet on the coast of Lake Erie |
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| this act, which halted trade between the United States and Europe, was passed by Congress at the request of President Jefferson to try and prevent war |
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| the British practiced this kind of legalized kidnapping by seizing American sailors and forcing them into British military service |
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| this bill details the rights of American citizen and has ten amendments |
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| was one of the most important acts introduced by Congress during its first session |
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| was in a difficult position during the war between Britain and France because the Treaty of 1788 required the United States to defend France's colonies in the Caribbean |
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| Lewis and Clark expedition |
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| provided a wealth of information about Louisiana and also gave the United States a claim to the Oregon Territory |
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| established 13 federal district courts and three circuit courts of appeal |
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| goods whose importation, exportation, or possession is illegal |
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| a group of advisers to the president |
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