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Definition
| Explicit use of invaild form |
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| Errors in reasoning that do not involve the explicit use of an invalid form. |
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Definition
- Fallacies of Irrelevance
- Fallacies involving ambiguity
- Fallacies involving unwarranted suspicions |
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| Argument Against the Person (Ad Hominem Fallacy) 3 types |
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Definition
Involves attacking the person who advances an argument as opposed to providing a rational critique of the argument (or statement) itself
- Abusive Ad Hominem (well, you're stupid!)
- Circumstantial Ad Hominem (well, you say this because you're a woman and this would make women more powerful)
- Tu quoque (you're a hypocrite |
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Definition
| When a person attacks a misrepresentation of the opponent's view. |
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| Appeal to Force (Ad Baculum Fallacy) |
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Definition
| Conclusion is defended by a threat to the well-being of those who do not accept it. |
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| Appeal to the People (Ad Populum Fallacy) |
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Definition
| Attempt to persuade a person (or group) by appealing to the desire to be accepted or valued by others |
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| Appeal to Pity (Ad Misericordiam Fallacy) |
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Definition
| Attempt to support a conclusion merely by invoking pity in one's audience |
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Term
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Definition
| 2+ meanings of a word are used in a context in which validity requires a single meaning. |
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Definition
| Double meaning in a sentence due to sentence structure as opposed to an ambiguous word or phrase. = |
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Definition
Invalid inference from the nature of the parts to the nature of the whole
Invalid inference from attributes of members of a group to attributes of the group itself. |
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Term
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Definition
| Double meaning in a sentence due to sentence structure as opposed to an ambiguous word or phrase. = |
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Definition
| Parts attribute for whole |
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Definition
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| one that occurs when the premise unjustifiably reduces the number of alternatives to be considered. |
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| Appeal to unreliable authority (Ad verecundiam fallacy) |
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Term
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Asking a question that illegitimately presupposes some conclusion alluded to in the question.
"Have you stopped beating your wife?" |
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