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| Measurement is the process of applying _____ to observed properties of events using a standard set of rules. |
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| Measurement is how scientists _____ empiricism. |
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| Without _____, all three levels of scientific knowledge (description, prediction & control) would be relegated to guesswork and subjective opinions. |
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| Applied behavior analysts measure behavior to obtain answers to questions about the existence and nature of functional relations between socially significant behavior and _____. |
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| Practitioners measure behavior before and after treatment to evaluate overall effects of interventions |
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| Frequent measures of behavior during treatment to guide decisions concerning the continuation, modification, or termination of treatment. |
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Definition
| Without frequent measures of the behavior targeted for intervention, practitioners may (a) _____ an ineffective treatment when no real behavior change occurred, or (b) _____ an effective treatment because subjective judgment detects no improvement |
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| Measurement helps practitioners.... |
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Definition
- optimize their effectiveness
- verify the legitimacy of practices touted as "evidence based"
- identify treatments based on pseudoscience, fad, fashion or ideology
- be accountable to clients, consumers, employers, and society
- achieve ethical standards |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior occurs _____ time. |
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| Three Dimensional quantities of Behavior |
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Definition
- repeatability (i.e, count)
- temporal extent (i.e., duration)
- temporal locus (i.e., when behavior occurs) |
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Definition
| The three dimensional quantities, alone and in combination, provide the _____ measures used by applied behavior analysts. |
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| The number of responses emitted during an observation period |
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| A ratio of count per observation period; it is often expressed s count per standard unit of time. |
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| A measure of the change (acceleration/deceleration) in rate of responding per unit of time. |
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| The amount of time in which a behavior occurs |
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| A measure of the elapsed time between the onset of a stimulus and the initiation of a subsequent response. |
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Definition
| The amount of time that elapses between two consecutive instances of a response class |
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Definition
| A ratio, formed by combining the same dimensional quantities, that expresses the proportional quantity of an event in terms of the number of times the event occured per 100 opportunities that the event could have occurred. |
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Definition
| A measure of the number of response opportunities needed to achieve a predetermined level of performance. |
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Definition
| Although form (i.e., topography) and intensity of responding (i.e., magnitude) are not fundamental dimensional quantities of behavior, they are important quantitative parameters for defining and verifying the occurrence of many response classes. |
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Definition
| Topography refers to the _____ of behavior. |
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Definition
| Magnitude refers to the _____ with which a response is emitted. |
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Definition
| _____ encompasses a wide variety of procedures for detecting and recording the number of times a behavior of interest is observed |
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Definition
| A variety of _____ and procedures are used to measure duration, response latency, and inter-response time. |
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Definition
| _____ refers to a variety of methods for observing and recording behavior during intervals or at specific moments in time. |
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Definition
| Observers using _____ divide the observation period into a series of equal time intervals. At the end of each interval, they record whether the target behavior occurred throughout the entire interval |
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Term
| Partial-Interval Recording |
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Definition
| Observers using _____ divide the observation period into a series of time intervals. At the end of each interval, they record whether behavior occurred at any point during the interval. |
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Definition
| Observers using _____ divide the observation period into a series of time intervals. At the end of the each interval, they record whether the target behavior is occurring at that specific moment. |
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Term
| Planned activity check (PLACHECK) |
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Definition
| A variation of momentary time sampling in which the observer records whether each individual in a group is engaged in the target behavior. |
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Definition
| Measurement artifacts are _____ with time sampling. |
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Term
| effects on the environment |
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Definition
| Measuring behavior after it has occurred by measuring its _____ is known as measurement by permanent product. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measurement of _____ can be accomplished via contrived permanent products. |
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| Advantages of Measurement by Permanent Product |
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Definition
- The practitioner is free to do other tasks
- It enables the measurement of behaviors that occur at inconvenient or inaccessible times and places
- Measurement may be more accurate, complete, and continuous
- It facilitates the collection of inter observer agreement and treatment integrity data
- It enables the measurement of complex behaviors and multiple response classes |
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Term
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Definition
| If moment-to-moment treatment decisions must be made during the session, measurement by _____ may not be warranted |
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| Rule 1 for Measurement by Permanent Product |
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Definition
| Each occurrence of the target behavior must produce the same permanent product |
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| Rule 2 for Measurement by Permanent Product |
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Definition
| The permanent product can only be produced by the target behavior. |
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Term
| Computer hardward and software systems |
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Definition
| _____ for behavioral measurement and data analysis have become increasingly sophisticated and easier to use. |
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Term
| observational measurement |
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Definition
| Developers have produced data collection and analysis software for _____ using laptops, handheld computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and desktop computers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Some systems allow for the _____ recording of multiple behaviors across multiple dimensions. Outputs can be examined and analyzed from different perspectives that would be difficult and time consuming with paper-and-pencil methods. |
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