Term
|
Definition
| The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Changes in an individual's physiology and behavior following in-gestation of a drug. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The points at which drug molecules interact with molecules on or in cells to affect biochemical processes of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted. |
|
|
Term
| Intravenous injection (IV) |
|
Definition
| Injection of a substance directly into a vein. |
|
|
Term
| Intraperitoneal injection (IP) |
|
Definition
| Injection of a substance into the peritoneal cavity - the space that surrounds the stomach, intestines, liver, and other abdominal organs. |
|
|
Term
| Intramuscular injection (IM) |
|
Definition
| Injection of a substance into a muscle. |
|
|
Term
| Subcutaneous injection (SC) |
|
Definition
| Injection of a substance into the space beneath the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Administration of a substance into the mouth so that it is swallowed. |
|
|
Term
| Sublingual Administration |
|
Definition
| Administration of a substance by placing it beneath the tongue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Administration of a vaporous substance into the lungs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Administration of a substance directly onto the skin or mucous membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Administration of a substance by sniffing or snorting; drug is absorbed through the mucous membranes of the nose. |
|
|
Term
| Intracerebral Administration |
|
Definition
| Administration of a substance directly into the brain. |
|
|
Term
| Intracerebroventricular Administration (ICV) |
|
Definition
| Administration of a substance into one of the cerebral ventricles. - Used to treat meningitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability of fat-based molecules to pass through cell membranes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A graph of the magnitude of an effect of a drug as a function of the amount of drug administered. - reaches a point where it levels out. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ratio between the dose that produces the desired effect in 50% of the animals and the dose that produces toxic effects in 50% of the animals. |
|
|
Term
1. Sites of Action
2. Affinity of a drug with its site of action. |
|
Definition
| Why do drugs vary in their effectiveness? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The readiness with which two molecules join together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A decrease in the effectiveness of a drug that is administered repeatedly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An increase in the effectiveness of a drug that is administered repeatedly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The appearance of symptoms opposite to those produced by a drug when the drug is administered repeatedly and then suddenly no longer taken. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compensatory changes following repeated use of a drug that results in withdrawal symptoms when the drug is no longer taken. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An inert substance that is given to an organism in lieu of a physiologically active drug; used experimentally to control for the effects of mere administration of a drug. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that opposes or inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the post synaptic cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the post synaptic cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins in the vesicle membrane that pump neurotransmitter into a vesicle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that binds with and activates a receptor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that binds with a receptor bu does not activate it; prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binding of a drug to a site on a receptor; does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and interferes with the action of the receptor; does no interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and facilitates the action of the receptor; does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attaches to the terminal membrane transporter molecules responsible for reuptake and inactive them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An amino acid; the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. |
|
|
Term
| Vesicle Glutamate Transporter |
|
Definition
| Proteins in the vesicle membrane that pump glutamate into a vesicle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specialized ionotropic glutamate receptor that controls a calcium channel that is normally blocked by Mg2+ ions; has several other binding sites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An ionotropic glutamate receptor that controls a sodium channel; stimulated by AMPA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An ionotropic glutamate receptor that controls a sodium channel; stimulated by Kainic acid. |
|
|
Term
| Metabotropic Glutatmate Receptor |
|
Definition
| A category of metabotropic receptors that are sensitive to glutamate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that binds with the PCP binding site of the NMDA receptor and serves as an indirect antagonist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that binds with a noncompetitive binding site of the NMDA receptor and serves as an indirect antagonist. |
|
|
Term
| Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters |
|
Definition
| Proteins that remove glutamate and other excitatory amino acids from the synapse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme that breaks down glutamate into its precursor glutamine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toxic over stimulation of the post synaptic cell by excess glutamate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An amino acid; the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that inhibits the activity of GAD and thus blocks the synthesis of GABA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins in the vesicle membrane that pump GABA into a vesicle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A direct agonist for GABA binding site on the GABA receptor/ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A direct antagonist for the GABA binding site on the GABAa receptor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A category of anxiolytic drugs; an indirect agonist for the GABAa receptor. ex. diazepam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An anxiety-reducing effect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins that remove GABA from the synapse. ex. Tiagabine |
|
|
Term
| Choline Acetyltransferease (ChAT) |
|
Definition
| The enzyme that transfers the acetate ion from acetyl coenzymbe A to choline, producing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins in the vesicle membrane that pump acetylcholine into a vesicle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An acetylcholine antagonist, prevents release by terminal buttons.
*Prevents the release of ACh* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An agonist for the ionotropic acetylcholine receptor. - tobacco leaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An agonist for the metabotropic acetylcholine receptor. - poison mushroom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An ionotropic acetylcholine receptor that is stimulated by nicotine and blocked by curae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A metabotropic acetylcholine receptor that is stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that blocks nicotrinic acetylcholine receptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that inhibits the activity of acetylcholinsterase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An antagonist at the choline transporter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of amines that includes indolamines, such as serotonin, and catecholines, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of amines that includes the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neurotransmitter; one of the catecholamines. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of neurons originating in the substantia nigra and terminating in the neostiatum. (caudate nucleus and putamen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of dopaminergic neurons originating in the ventral teqmental area and terminating in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of dopaminergic neurons originating in the ventral tegmental area and terminating in the prefrontal cortex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neurological disease characterized by tremors, rigidity of the limbgs, poor balance, and difficulty in initiating movements; caused by degeneration of the nigrastriatial system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The levorotatory form of DOPA; the precursor of the catecholamines; often used to treat Parkinson's disease because of its effect as a dopamine agonist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that blocks the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase and thus interferes with the synthesis of the catecholamines. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that interferes with the storage of monamines in synaptic vesicles. |
|
|
Term
| Vesicle Monamine Transporters |
|
Definition
| Proteins in the vesicle membrane that pump monamine neurotransmitters into a vesicle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that reduces the symptoms of schizophrenia by blocking dopamine D2 receptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that blocks dopamine autoreceptors at low doses; at higher doses, blocks postsynaptic receptors as well. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins that remove dopamine from the synapse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An antagonist at dopamine and norepinephrine transporters that causes them to run in reverse, releasing these neurotransmitters into the synapse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An antagonist at dopamine and norepinephrine transporters that causes them to run in reverse, releasing these neurotransmitter into the synapse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that inhibits the reuptake of dopamine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that inhibits the reuptake of dopamine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of enzymes that destory the monamines: dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that blocks the activity of MAO-B: acts as a dopamine agonist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the catecholamines; a neurotransmitter found in the brain and in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the catecholamines; a hormone secreted by the adrenal mdeulla; serves also as a neurotransmitter in the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A dark-colored group of noradrenergic cell bodies located in the pons near the rostral end of the floor of the fourth ventricle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that inhibits the activity of the enzyme dopamine B hydroxylase and thus blocks the production of norepinephrine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An enlarged region along the length of an axon that contains synaptic vesicles and releases a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that blocks presynaptic noradrenergic a2 receptors and hence acts as an agonist, facillitating the synthesis and release of norepinephrine. |
|
|
Term
| Norepinephrine transporter |
|
Definition
| Proteins that remove norepinephrine from the synapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that blocks the activity of MAO-A; acts as a noradrenergic agonist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An indolamine neurotransmitter; also called 5-hydroxytryptamine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that inhibits the activity of typtophan hydroxylase and thus interferes with the synthesis of 5-HT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dorsal Raphe Nuclei
Medial Raphe Nuclei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5-HT3 receptor antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A 5-HT1a partial agonist. |
|
|
Term
| LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) |
|
Definition
| A drug that stimulates 5-HT2a receptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins that remove serotonin from the synapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that inhibits the reuptake of 5-HT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that stimulates the release of 5-HT. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that serves as a noradrenergic and serotonergic agonist, also known as "exstasy," has exitatory and hallucinogenic effects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A neurotransmitter that plays an important role in stimulating wakefullness.
*cerebral cortex + brain stem* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sleep aids use this drug to cross the blood-brain barrier to induce drowsiness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of petides secreted by the brain that act as opiates. |
|
|
Term
| Opium, morphine, heroin, oxycodone |
|
Definition
| Agonists for opiate receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the endogenous opiods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agonist for opaite receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that blocks opiate receptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lipid; an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors; which also bind with THC, the active ingredient of marijuana. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The active ingredient of marijuana; activates CD, receptors in the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cannabinoid receptor agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The first cannabinoid to be discovered and probably the most important one.
*produced and released as needed* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that blocks CB receptors. |
|
|
