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| things over which one has no control; given at birth, involuntary like age, sex, race, nationality |
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| acquired through choice, merit, direct effort or competition like job, education |
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| the one by which you are know or evaluated; most important status |
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| behavior associated with a particular status |
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| society or group definition of how role should be played |
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| how person actually plays the role |
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| people unconsciously give impression that they lack commitment or attachment to a role – they are going through the motions |
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| overload – various incompatible demands made by a single status are more than one can handle |
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process of leaving a role central to one’s identity
Doubt
Search for alternatives
Turning point – take action |
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| incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time |
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| highly structured group formed to complete certain tasks or achieve specific goals |
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| groups based on type of interaction, groups are either primary or seconday |
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Primary group
Relationship-oriented
Spontaneous behavior
Intimate relationships
Small size
Informal and emotional
Durable
Examples: family, close friends, work peer group |
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Secondary group
Goal-oriented (organized around specific tasks)
Not intimate or permanent
May be quite large
Formal interaction
Short term membership
Examples: corporations, school, church |
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| classified societies by social organization (solidarity and control) |
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Community
Rural
Folk
Tradition-based
Stable ties to family and community (relationships)
Group solidarity |
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| (social structure based on division of labor) |
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Simple pre-industrial societies
Social norms passed down by tradition
Minimal division of labor
United by common values and norms
Solidarity results from similarity
People are united by traditions & shared values |
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Complex industrial societies
Rapidly changing and conflicting norms
Specialized individuals and tasks
Bound by mutual interdependence
Solidarity from interdependent difference
People united by mutual dependence on one another |
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| defintition of situatiuon |
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| we analyze a social context in which we find ourselves, determine what is in our best interest, and adjust our attitudes and actions accordingly. |
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| social contruction of reality |
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| process by which our perception of reality is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience. It influences what we “see” and how we respond. |
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| false belief or prediction that produces behavior that makes original false belief come true |
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| commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they find themselves |
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| set of feeling rules that we acquire that shape appropriate emotions for a given role or specific situation – we are socialized to know how, where, when an emotion should be expressed |
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| the study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation. The “audience” members judge us and are aware that we may reveal our true character. |
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| people’s efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most favorable to their interests or image |
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strategies that we use to rescue our performance when we experience a potential or actual loss of face.
studied nonobservance –pretend it didn’t happen
re-dimensioning- downsize or make light of
reinterpretation-restate trying to make mistake better
low profile-below radar screen, fade into background
apology-express more regret than is appropriate |
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| is a tridational society in whicj social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability |
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| a large urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specializied relaationships with little long term commitment to the group or consensus on values |
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