Term
Pharmacokinetics: define
It includes: |
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Definition
Study of drug movement throughout the body
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion |
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Term
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Definition
| Once the drug is in the body: what does the pill offer or do to the body |
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Term
Acids are absorbed in acids b/c they are ____
bases are absorbed in bases b/c they are ____
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Definition
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Term
In order for molecules to be more readily aborbed across plasma membranes, you want them to have 3 qualities (list them):
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Definition
1. small
2. non-ionized
3. lipophilic |
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Term
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Definition
| Once thought that a single CYP enzyme was responsible for ALL drug metabolism, but scientist have since identified more than 50 CYP's. Each isozyme performs slightly DIFFERENT metabolic functions. |
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Term
| CYP's are important b/c they determine |
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Definition
| The SPEED at which most drugs are metabolized and they contribute significantly to drug-drug interactions. |
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Definition
When a drug is metabolized by a CYP, it (the drug) is said to be a substrate for that enzyme.
ie Naproxen and warfarin are substrates for CYP2C9.
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Term
| 1 CYP enzyme can metabolize many different drugs. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
drugs that have the ability to increase metabolic activity in the liver, leading to enzyme induction.
ie phenobarbital causes the liver to synthesize greater amounts of microsomal enzymes, including CYP3A4, CYP2C19...etc.
This ACCELERATES the metabolism (INACTIVATION) of most durgs metabolized in the liver. With cont'd therapy, phenoarbital increases the rate of its own destruction.
Higher doses may be required to achieve an optimum therapeutic effect. |
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Term
| What is the main difference b/w CYP inhibition and enzyme induction? |
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Definition
| CYP inhibition can occur after a SINGLE does and enzyme induction generally takes from days to weeks |
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Definition
| Some drugs are able to inhibit the action of CYP isozymes. The inhibition may affect ALL hepatic microsomal enzymes or it may be specific to a single isozyme. |
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Term
| Pathological states, especially liver and kidney disease, often increase the _____ and _____ of drug action in the body because they interfere with natural excretion mechanisms. |
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Definition
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The kidney is the primary site of EXCRETION, with it filtering 180 L of blood a day.
What is able to pass through the bowmans capsule and enter the filtrate?
What does not enter the filtrate? |
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Definition
UNBOUND (free) drugs, electrolyte, water soluble agents, and small movlecules easily pass through the pres of Bowman's capsule and enter the filtrate.
Proteins, blood cells, and drug-protein complexes b/c of their large size. |
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| To assess kidney function, what lab values do you look at? |
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Definition
| BUN and creatinine blood serum levels |
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Term
| The range where the drug produces its desired therapeutic action is known as: |
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Definition
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