Term
| Interpersonal relationships |
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Definition
| Attachments in which bonds of family or friendship or love or respect or hierarchy tie together two or more individuals over an extended period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory that examines how prior relationships shape our current beliefs, feelings, and interactions vis-a-vis people who remind us of significant others from our past. |
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Definition
| The beliefs, feelings, and expectations about our selves that derive from our relationships with significant others in our lives. |
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Term
| self-expansion account of relationships |
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Definition
| A theory that holds that people enter into and remain in close relationships to expand the self by including resources, perspectives, experiences, and characteristics of the other as part of their own selfconcept. |
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Definition
| The tendency for people in relationships to share information processing of events based on their knowledge of their partner's encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. |
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Term
| experience-sampling studies |
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Definition
| Studies in which researchers provide participants with beepers and randomly signal them throughout the day so that the participants will provide information about what they are doing and how they are feeling at that precise moment. |
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Definition
| A theory about how our early attachments with our parents shape our relationships for the remainder of our lives. |
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Term
| working models of relationships |
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Definition
| Conceptual models of relationships with current others based on the other person's availability, warmth, and ability to provide security as derived from children's experience with how available and how warm their parents were, and the extent to which their parents did or did not provide a sense of security. |
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Term
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Definition
| An experimental situation to assess attachment to caregivers in which an infant is observed after her caregiver has left her alone in an unfamiliar room with a stranger and then reacts to reunion with the caregiver upon her return to the room. |
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Term
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Definition
| An attachment style characterized by feelings of security in relationships; individuals with this style are comfortable with intimacy and desire to be close to others during times of threat and uncertainty. |
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Term
| avoidant attachment style |
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Definition
| An attachment style characterized by feelings of insecurity in relationships; individuals with this style are prone to exhibit compulsive self-reliance, prefer distance from others, and during conditions of threat and uncertainty are dismissive and detached. |
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Term
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Definition
| An attachment style characterized by feelings of insecurity in relationships; individuals with this style compulsively seek closeness, express continual worries about relationships, and during situations of threat and uncertainty excessively try to get closer to others. |
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Definition
| A theory that there are four qualitatively different kinds of relationships (communal sharing, authority ranking, equality matching, and market pricing), each characterized by highly distinct ways of defining the self and others, allocating resources and work, making moral judgments, and punishing transgressions. |
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Term
| communal sharing relationship |
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Definition
| A relationship based on a sense of sameness and kinship. Resources are generated by those in the group capable of doing so, and resources go to those in need |
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Term
| authority ranking relationship |
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Definition
| A relationship based on hierarchy, status, and a linear ordering of people within a group. |
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Term
| equality matching relationship |
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Definition
| A relationship based on equality, reciprocity, and balance. |
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Term
| market pricing relationship |
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Definition
| A relationship based on a sense of proportion, trade, and equity, in which people are concerned with ensuring that their inputs to a relationship correspond to what they get out of the relationship. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relationships in which the individuals feel little responsibility toward one another and in which giving and receiving are governed by concerns about equity and reciprocity; such relationships are often short term. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relationships in which the individuals feel a special responsibility for one another and give according to the principle of ability and receive according to the principle of need; such relationships are often long term. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to control one's own outcomes and those of others, and the freedom to act. |
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Definition
| The outcome of an evaluation of attributes that produces differences in respect and prominence, which in part determines an individual's power within a group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Power that derives from institutionalized roles or arrangements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior that has the acquisition or demonstration of power as its goal. |
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Term
| social dominance orientation |
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Definition
| The desire to see one's own group dominate other groups. |
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Term
| triangular theory of love |
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Definition
| A theory that states that there are three major components of love-intimacy, passion, and commitment-which can be combined in different ways. |
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Term
| interaction dynamics approach |
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Definition
| A methodological approach to the study of the behaviors and conversations of couples, with a focus on negative behaviors such as anger, criticism, defensiveness, contempt, sadness, and fear, and positive behaviors such as affection, enthusiasm, interest, and humor. |
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Term
| investment model of interpersonal relationships |
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Definition
| A model of interpersonal relationships that states that three things make partners more committed to one another: rewards, alternatives, and investments in the relationship |
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