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Chapter 4 Vocabulary
Holt Science and Technology Life Science Vocabulary
14
Social Studies
7th Grade
01/10/2012

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Term
Diffusion
Definition
Movement of particles from high --> low.
Term
Osmosis
Definition
Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
Term
Passive Transport
Definition
Movement of substances (i.e. sugars) across a cell membrane WITHOUT using energy.
Ex. Diffusion and Osmosis
Term
Active Transport
Definition
Movement of substances across a cell membrane USING energy.
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
The process where a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it into a vesicle.
Ex. Amoebas getting food.
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
Process where a cell releases a particle by enclosing it in a vesicle that then fuses with the cell membrane in order for the cell to be released.
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
Process where plants, algae and some bacteria use sunlight, CO2 and water to make food.
Term
Cellular Respiration
Definition
Procees where cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. 
Term
Frementation
Definition
The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen. 
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
The life cycle of a cell.
Term
Chromosone
Definition

Eukaryotic cell; A strucuture in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protien.

 

Prokaryotic cell; The main ring of DNA

Term
Homologous chromosone
Definition

Chromosone that have the same gene sequence and the same strucuture. 

 

Term
Mitosis
Definition
Eucaryotic cells; A process of cell division that forms two new identical nuclei. 
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
The division of cytoplam in a cell.
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