Bacterial shape

cocci

Diplococci-two cocci side by side

Streptococci-chain or cocci

Tetrad-4 cocci two on top of two

Sarcinae-4 on top of 4 cocci

Staphylococci-irregular cluster of cocci

Bacterial shape

bacillis

Bacillus-one oval shape

Diplobacilli-two side by side

Streptobacilli-chain of bacilli

Coccobacilli-short and swollen bacilli

Bacterial shape

other

vibrio-jelly bean, half moon shape

spirillum-short spiral

spirochete-longers spiral, more flexable

ex of spirochete-treponema:Syphillis

Bacterial shape

Morphology

monomorphic-single shape

pleomorphic-many shapes

internal flagella, periplasmic enclosed between cell wall and cell membrane of spirochetes

produce cellular motiliy by twisting motion.

"sugar coat"

-made inside cell

-sticky gelatinus layer

-made of polysaccharides and polypeptides

or both

Capsule-firmly attached to cell, layer around cell

-resistance to phagosotosis, virulence factor

-adherence, promotes colonizing

Slime layer- unorganized and loosely attached to cell surface

-attachment, biofilms

Flagella

structure

what is it composed of

function

Flagella arrangements..

3 different types

trichous- means hair

monotrichous-with one flagella

Lophotrichous-two or more flagella on one end work together.

amphitrichous-2 or more flagella at both ends

peritrichous-flagella that surround the cell

Bacteria move in bursts

run: move in one direction for a period of time

Tumble:stop moving, reorientates itself

run:basal body moves counter clockwise

Tumble:basal body moves clockwise

fine hair like bristles from cell surface

their function is to adhere to surfaces

they are composed of the protein pilin

ex. e.coli use finbriae to attach to wall of gi tract

Pili

what is its structure?

what is it made of?

and what gram cell is it found on?

what is the function of pili

Gram positive cells

structure

gram negative cell

structure

cell wall-thin outer membrane, and a thin peptidoglycan layer

cell membrane deep to the cell wall.

peptidoglycan

composition

peptido-2 different types of peptides

glycan-sugar- a disaccharide

carbohydrate backbone-nag and nam

maintain cell shape

provides a surface for appendages

and prevents the cell from rupturing

Teichoic acid

structure

what is it for?

only on gram positive cells

used for identification, can be used for attachment and attracts nutrients

structure:it is a polymer of modified ribose connected to a phosphate.

outer membrane

function and components

function:maintains structure

acts as barrier against antibiotics, dyes and enzymes

components:phospholipids, porins and lps

LPS

what is it?

components of...

where is it inserted

what is its importance?

what does it do when bloodborn?

lipopolysaccharide

gram-negative endotoxin

o-polysaccharide

-this is the o antigen used for classifying bacteria, to distinguish between strains

core polysacchride

lipid a- endotoxin inserts into outer membrane

causes fever and shock

Porins

what are they?

where are they located?

what do they do?

what is their clinical

they are membrane bound proteins that are located on the outer membrane. they are teh gate keepers of the cell allowing only certain molecules in and out of the cell

they contribute to antibiotic resistance

active transport:uses energy. carrier proteins

facilitated diffusion:carrier proteins

simple diffusion: from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

-osmosis

isotonic solution

hypotonic solution

hypertonic solution

isotonic-no movement of water. perfect

hypotonic-too much water flow into cell, cell bursts-lysis

hypertonic-loss of water, cell shrinks-plasmolysis

inclusions

function and structure

location

clinical significance

 function they store energy.

volutin, metachromatic granules- made my corrynebacterium

-lipids

-gas

-sulfur

-iron oxide

the clinical significance is that you can tell the difference between bacteria by what the carry in their inclusions