Term
|
Definition
huge bonding capacity because of 4 electrons in outer shell.
covalent bonds; strong, stable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| same chemical formulas but different spatial arrangements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a group of atoms that confers a special property on a carbon based molecule
carboxyl- fatty acids
hydroxyl- -OH, alcohols, carbs
Amino- NH; amino acids
phosphate; DNA, ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simple sugar, building blocks of carbohydrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small molecules (i.e glucose) that can be combined with other small molecules to form polymers (i.e. starch)
amino acid ---> polypeptide protein
nucleotide----> nucleic acid; DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organic molecules that always contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
usually contain almost twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms
when carbo hydro bonds are broken energy is released, these are easily broken down by organisms, which is why humans carboload |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made up of monosaccharides to form polysaccharides
glycogen; the starch for animals, broken down some used for immediate use, some for carb storage
starch; CC found in plants, main form of carb storage, potatoes, rice,
Celluslose; structure for plants, makes up most of the natural world, most abundant carb,
Chitin; CC fprms external skeleton of arthropods, shape an strength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
do not dissolve readily in water (hydrophobic), also hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, but have higher concentrations of hydrogen then carbs
no single structural mo
store energy, provide insulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common lipid
"head" made of alcohol glycerol, "tail" made of fatty acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small molecule that can be combined with other similar or identical molecules to to make a polymer i.e glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
building block of carbs, collectively reffered to as the simple sugars
2 = disaccharide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the complex carbohydrates
starch
cellulose
gycogen
chitin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| three fatty acids link with glycerol to form a triglyceride; most important dietary form of lipid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| molecule found in many lipids that is made of a hydrocarbon chain bonded to a carboxyl group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a fatty acid with no double bonds between the carbon atoms of its hydrocarbon chain.STRAIGHT TAIL.
saturated with hydrogen atoms
solid
triglyceride, tightly packed |
|
|
Term
| monounsaturated fatty acid |
|
Definition
| one double bond between carbon atoms |
|
|
Term
| polyunsaturated fatty acid |
|
Definition
| two or more double bonds between carbon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| must be broken down into glyceron and fatty acids forenergy use. to store energy, these must combine to form triglycerides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
starch broken down to into simple carb building blocks, usually glucose
if not needed for immedient use, bond and form larger glycogen grouos and are stored in muscle, liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lipids
have a central element in their structure; four carbon rings
differentiated by the different side chains that attach to these rings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| steroid molecule, forms estrogen, testosterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glycerol head with 2 fatty acids attached, and a charged phosphate group (phosphorous atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms) attached to the glycerol
tails are hydrophobic bc its a hydrocarbon
head is hydrophyllic bc it is charged
makes up outer membrane of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single fatty acid linked to long chain alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein that hastens or enables almost every chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enymes, form structure of tissue, transport molecules, allow muscles to contract, cells to move, protective, storage, communication, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made from chains of amino acids (the monomer) , multiple amino acid chains make a polypeptide, when plypeptide chains fold in a specific 3d manner you have a protein
shape is critical to function |
|
|
Term
| primary structure of protein |
|
Definition
| sequence of amino acids, everythng about the final shape of the protein is dictated by the primary structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structure that proteins assume after folding up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two or more polypeptide chains come together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
combo of lipids and proteins
HDL(carry cholesterol away)/LDL (more lipids bad for heart)
Transport fats through the body; capsule of protein w fat inside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
combo of proteins and carbs
receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Information or the construction or proteins
composed of two linked chains of nucleotides
rna ferries DNAs instructions to the ribosomes where proteins are put together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a 3 part molecule; a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and one of four nitrogen containing bases; adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
sugar and phophates link to form outer rails of dna
linked via hydrogen bonds |
|
|
