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| -Imaginary line drawn through the center of the length of the CNS, from the bottom of the spine to the front of the forebrain |
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| With respect to the CNS, located near/toward the head |
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| With respect to the CNS, located near/toward the tail |
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| With respect to the CNS, in a direction along the neuroaxis toward the front of the face |
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| Toward the side of the body, away from middle |
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| Toward the middle of the body, away from side. |
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| Located on the same side of the body |
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| Located on the opposite side of the body |
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| With respect to CNS, a slice taken at right angles to the neuroaxis |
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| A slice through the brain parallel to the forehead |
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| A slice through the brain parallel to the ground |
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| A slice through the brain parallel to the neuroaxis and perpendicular to the ground. |
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-The plane through the neuroaxis perpendicular to the ground
- Divides the brain into 2 symmetrical halves. |
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| The 3 layers of tissue that encase the CNS: Dura mater, Arachnoid membrane, and pia mater |
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-The outermost of the meninges
-tough and flexible |
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| The middle layer of the meninges |
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- The layer of the meninges that clinges to the surface.
-thin and delicate |
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-The fluid-filled space that cushions the brain
- Located between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater |
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Term
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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Definition
| -A clear fluid, similar to blood plasma, that fills the ventricular system of the brain and the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord. |
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| One of the hollow spaces within the brain, filled with CFS. |
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| 1 of the 2 ventricles located in the center of the telencephalon |
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| The ventricle located in the center of the diencephalon |
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| A narrow tube interconnecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain, located in the center of the mesencephalon |
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| The ventricle located between the cerebellum and the dorsal pons, in the center of the mentencephalon |
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| The highly vascular tissue that protrudes into the ventricles and produces crebrospinal fluid |
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- A hollow tube, closed at the rostral end, that forms from ectodermal tissue early in embryonic development.
-Serves as the origin of the CNS |
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| The outermost layer of gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres |
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-A layer of cells that line the inside of the neural tube
- Contains progenitor cells that divide and give rise to cells of the CNS |
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| Cells of the ventricular zone that divide and give rise to cells of the CNS |
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-Division of a progenitor cell that gives rise to 2 identical progenitor cells
-Increases the size of the ventricular zone and hence the brain that developes from it. |
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| -Division of a progenitor cell that gives rise to another progenitor cell and a neuron, which migrates away from the ventricular one toward its final resting place in the brain |
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- Special glia with fibers that grow radially outward from the ventricular zone to the surface of the cortex
- Provide guidance for neurons migrating outward during brain development |
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-Specialized neurons that establish themselves during cortical development in a layer near the terminals of the radial glia, just inside the pia mater
-Secrete a chemical that controls the establishment of migrating neurons in the layers of the cortex |
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| Death of a cell caused by a chemical signal that activates a genetic mechanism inside the cell |
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-the most rostral of the 3 major divisions of the brain
-Includes the telencephalon and diencephalon |
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| one of the 2 major portions of the fore brain, covered by the cerebral cortex |
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| The region located within the brain, beneath the cortical surface |
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| A groove in the surface of the cerebral hemisphere, smaller than a fissure |
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| A major groove in the surface of the brain, larger than a sulcus |
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| A convolution of the cortex of the cerebral hemisphere, separated by sulci/fissures |
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| The region of the posterior occipital lobe whose primary input is from the visual system |
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-A fissure located in the occipital lobe on the medial surface of the brain
-Most of the primary visual cortex is located along its upper and lower banks |
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| The region of the superior temporal lobe whose primary input is from the auditory system |
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| The fissure that separates temporal lobe from the overlying frontal and parietal lobe |
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| Primary somatosensory cortex |
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| The region of the anterior parietal lobe whose primary input is from the somatosensory system |
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| The sulcus that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe |
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| The region of the posterior frontal lobe that contains neurons that control movements of skeletal muscles |
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| Those regions of the cerebral cortex that receive info from the regions of primary sensory cortex |
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| -The region of the frontal lobe rostral to the primary motor cortex |
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| the region of the frontal lobe rostral to the motor association cortex |
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| -A large bundle of axons that interconnects corresponding regions of the association cortex on each side of the brain |
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| The phylogenetically newest cortex, including the primary sensory cortex, primary motor cortex, and association cortex |
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Phylogentically old cortex, located at the medial edge of the cerebral hemisphers
-part of limbic system |
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| -A strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres, just above the corpus callosum |
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| A group of brain regions including the anterior thalamic nuclei, amygdala, hippocampus, limbic cortex, and parts of the hypothalamus, as well as their interconnecting fiber bundles |
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-A forebrain structure of the temporal lobe, constituting an important part of the limbic system
- Includes demtate gyrus and subiculum |
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A structure in the interior of the rostral temporal lobe, containing set of nuclei
-Part of limbic system |
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-A fiber bundle that connects the hippocampus with other parts of the brain, including mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus
-par of limbic system |
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-A protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus, containing some hypothalamic nuclei
-part of limbic sytem |
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-A group of subcortical nuclei in the telencephalon, the caudate nucleus, the goblus pallidus, and the putamen
-important parts of the motor system |
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| An indentifiable group of neural cell bodies in the CNS |
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-A region of the forebrain surrounding the third ventricle
-includes thalamus and hypothalamus |
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-The largest portion of the diencephalon,located above the hypothalamus
-Contains nuclei that project info to specific regions of the cerebral cortex and receive info from it. |
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Definition
| An axon of a neuron in one region of the brain whose terminals form synapses with neurons in another region |
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| Lateral geniculate nucleus |
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Definition
| -A group of cell bodies within the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus that receive fibers from the retina and projects fibers to the primary visual cortex |
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| Medial geniculate nucleus |
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Definition
A group of cell bodies within the medial geniculate body of the thalamus
-Receives fibers from the auditory system and projects fibers to the primary auditory cortex |
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| A nucleus of the thalamus that receives inputs from the cerebellum and sends axons to the primary motor cortex |
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-The group of nuclei of the diencephalon situated beneath the thalamus
-involved in regulation of the autonomic nervous system, control of the anterior and posterior pituitary glangs and integration of species-typical behaviors. |
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Definition
| An X-shaped connection between the optic nerves, located below the base of the brain, just anterior to the pituitary gland. |
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Definition
-The anterior part of the pituitary gland
-An endocrine gland whose secretions are controlled by the hypothalamic hormones. |
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Definition
| A neuron that secretes hormone or hormonelike substance |
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| Posterior pituitary gland |
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Definition
- The posterior part of the pituitary gland
-An endocrine gland that contains hormone-secreting terminal buttons of axons whose cell bodies lie within the hypothalamus |
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Definition
-The mesencephalon
-the central of the 3 major divisions of the brain |
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Definition
A region of the brain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct
-includes the tectum and the tementum |
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Definition
-The dorsal part of the midbrain
-includes the superior and inferior colliculi |
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-Protrusions on top of the midbrain
-Part of visual system |
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Protrusions on top of the midbrain
- part of auditory system |
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Definition
| -The stem of the brain, from the medulla to the diencephalon, excluding the cerebellum |
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-The ventral part of the midbrain
-Includes the periaqueductal gray matter, reticular formation, red nucleus, and substantia nigra |
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Definition
| -A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem, from the medulla to the diencephalon |
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| Periaqueductal gray matter |
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Definition
-The region of the midbrain surrounding the cerebral aqueduct
-Contains neural circuits involved in species-typical behaviors |
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Definition
| -A large nucleus of the midbrain that receives inputs from the cerebellum and motor cortex and sends axons to motor neurons in the spinal cord |
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