Term
|
Definition
| cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information-processing tasks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of a neuron that coordinates information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of a neuron that recieves information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of a neuron that transmits information to other neurons, musclues, or glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an insulating layer of fatty material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| support cells found in the nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the junction or region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons that recieve information from the external world and convey this information to the brain via the spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons that carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurons that connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a neuron's cell membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an electric signal that is conducted along a neuron's axon to a synapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knoblike structures that branch out from an axon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron's dendrites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parts of the cell membrane that receive the neurotransmitter and initiate or prevent a new electric signal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neurotransmitter involved in a number of functions, including voluntary motor control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neurotransmitter that regulates motor behavior, motivation, pleasure, and emotional arousal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in information transmission throughout the brain. |
|
|
Term
| GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) |
|
Definition
| The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neurotransmitter that influences mood and arousal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neurotransmitter that is involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating, and aggressive behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemicals that act within the pain pathways and emotion enters of the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an interacting network of neurons that conveys electrochemical information throughout the body. |
|
|
Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
|
Definition
| The part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
|
Definition
| the part of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system to the body's organs and muscles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of nerves that carries involuntary and automatic commands that control blodd vessels, body organs, and glands. |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| a set of nerves that prepares the body for actions in threatening situations |
|
|
Term
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
|
Definition
| a set of nerves that carries involuntary and automatic commands that control blood vessels, body organs, and glands. |
|
|
Term
| parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| a set of nerves that helps the body return to a normal resting state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simple pathways in the nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation, and respiration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a brain structure that regulates sleep, wakefulnes, and levels of arousal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a part of the midbrain that oriends an organism in the environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a part of the midbrain that is involved in movement and arousal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outermost layer of the brain visible to the naked eye and divided into two hemispheres. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| areas of the gorebrain housed under the cerebral cortex near the very center of the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a groupd of forebrain structures including the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and the hippocampus, which are involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a subcortical structure that relays and filters information from the senses and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a subcortical structure that regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the "master glad" of the body's hormone-producting system, which releases hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a structure critical for creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in other parts of the cerebral cortex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a part of the limbic system that plays a central role in many emotional processes, particularly the ofmration of emotional memories. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thick brand of nerve fibers that connects large areas of hte cerebral cortex on each side of the brain and supports communication of information across the hemispheres. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing informatinos about touch. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a region of the cerebral cortex that has speicalized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| areas of the cerebral cortex that are composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the unit of hereditary transmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strands of DNA wound around eachother in a double-helix configuration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of the variability of behavioral traits among individuals that can be accouted for by genetic factors. |
|
|
Term
| electroencephalograph (EEG) |
|
Definition
| a device used to record activity in the brain. |
|
|
