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| - is the particular structure and form and developmental traits that join a whole functional living animal |
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| - when animals that have bilateral symmetry ( arthopods & mammals) contain the sensory equipment that is concentrated at their anterior end that includes a central nervous system that is the (brain) |
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| - : Refers to the two different features observed in this clade, some lophotorochozoa such as ectoprocts develop into a structure that is a crown of ciliated tentacles that function for feeding. In the other phyla that includes molluscs and annelids go through a developmental stage called the trochopore larva which explains the name of lophotrochozoan |
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| - A characteristic shared by nematodes, anthropods & other Ecdysozoans secrete external skeletons which can also be called exoskeletons. The animals grow out of it’s old exoskeleton and secretes a larger one. And the process of shedding an old exoskeleton is called ecdysis. |
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- animals do not make all their own organic molecules like plants
- they ingest them by either eating other living organisms or by eating nonliving organic material
- most animals do not feed by absorption, instead animals ingest their food and then use enzymes to digest it within their bodies |
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| - process of cytokinesis in animal cells, it is the pinching of the plasma membrane |
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| - hollow ball of cells that marks the end of the cleavage stage during early embryonic development in animals |
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| - embryonic stage in animal development, a series of cell and tissue movements in which the blastula stage embryo folds inward, which produces a three-layered embryo the gastrula |
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| - embryonic stage in animal development encompassing the formation of 3 layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, & endoderm |
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- when an animal does not have a right or left side & an imaginary slice through the central axis divides the animal into mirror images
- top & bottome |
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- has left & right side an imaginary cut divides the animal into mirror-image halves
- 2 axis of orientation, top & bottom, front & back |
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- located in the gastrula
- germ layer covering surface of embryo
- gives rise to outer covering of the animal & in some phyla the central nervous system |
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- located in gastrula
- innermost germ layer
- lines the pouch that forms during gastrulation (the archenteron) & gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract (or cavity)
- and organs such as the liver and lungs of vertebrates |
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- have only the ectoderm & endoderm
- animals like that include cnidarians (jellies & corals & comb jellies
- some do have a mesoderm but not as well developed as the mesoderm of animals that are triploblastic |
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- bilateral symmetrical animals
- is the 3rd germ layer which fills much of the space between the ectoderm & endoderm
- forms the muscles & most other organs between the digestive tract & the outer covering of the animal |
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- 3 germ layers
- Bilateral symmetry
- mesoderm forms muscles & other organs
- include broad range of animals from flatworms to arthropods to vertebrates |
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| - when a triboblastic animal lack a body cavity |
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- when tripoblastic animals have a body cavity that is formed from mesoderm & endoderm. cavity is called (pseudocoelom)
- fully functional body cavity |
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- most tripoblastic animals have this
- a fluid or air filled space between the digestive tract and the outer body wall |
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- body cavity = coelom
- forms from tissue derived of the mesoderm
- inner & outer layers of tissue that surround the cavity connect & form structures that suspend the internal organs |
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| - in animals, developmental mode that is distinguished by the development of the mouth from the blastopore; often catagorized as by spiral cleavage & by the body cavity forming when solid masses of mesoderm split |
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| - developmental mode in animals that is the development of the anus from blastopore that is characterized by radial cleavage and by the body cavity forming as outpockets of mesodermal tissue |
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| - type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in which each cell is produced by early cleavage divsions retains the capacity to develop in a complete embryo |
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| - type of embryonic development that in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early |
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| - the endoderm lined cavity, formed during gastrulation, that develops into the digestive tract of the animal. |
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- in the gastrula
- the opening of the archenteron that typically develops into the anus in deuterostomes and the mouth in protosomes |
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| Points of Agreement in Phylogeny |
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1. All animals share a common ancestor
2. Sponges are basal Animals
3. Eumetazoa is a clade of animals with true tissues
4. Most animal phyla belong to the Blade Bilateria |
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| - distinctive larval stage observed in some lophotrochozoan animals, including annelids & molluscs |
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