Details Title: Chapter 3 exam terms Description: n/a Total Flash Cards: 24 Created: 09/15/2008 16:21:13		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Environmental Studies Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term elements Definition distictive building blocks of matter that make up every material substance Term atom Definition the smallest unit of matter that exhibits the characteristics of an element Term ion Definition an electrically charged atom or combination of atoms Term isotopes Definition various forms of an element having the same atomic number but a different mass number Term molecules Definition combinations of two or more atoms of the same or different elements held together by chemical bonds Term proton Definition positively charged subatomic particle Term neutron Definition uncharged subatomic particle Term electron Definition negatively charged subatomic particle Term atomic number Definition equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of each of its atoms Term gamma rays Definition a type of ionizing radiation: have enough energy to knock electrons from ataoms and change them to positively charged ions Term beta particles Definition ionizing particles emitted from the nuclei of radioactive isotopes   high-speed electrons Term alpha particles Definition ionizing particles emitted from the nuclei of radioactive isotopes   high-speed positively charged matter consisting of two protons and two neutrons Term fusion Definition nuclear change in which two isotopes of light elements (hydrogen) forced together at high temperatures until they fuse to form a heavier nucleus Term fisson Definition nuclear change in which nuclei of certain isotopes with large mass numbers (uranium-125) are split into lighter nuclei when struck by neutrons Term ionizing radiation Definition radiation that has enough energy to knock electrons from atoms and change them to positively charged ions Term first law of energy/thermodynamics Definition In all physical and chemical changes, energy in neither created nor destroyed, but it may be converted from one form to another Term energy Definition capacity to do work and transfer heat   -kinetic -potential -electromagnetic Term most abundant gases in troposphere Definition 78% nitrogen 21% oxygen Term most abundant elements in earth's crust Definition oxygen silicon aluminum iron calcium Term circle of poison Definition residues of banned/unapproved chemicals that the US export to other countries can return on imported food or carried by winds Term feedback loop Definition output of matter, energy or info is fed back into the system as an input and leads to changes in that system   positive: causes a system to change further in the same direction (depositing money w/ interest)   negative/corrective: causes a system to change in the opposite direction (recylcing; body temperature) Term pH Definition measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It is formally a measure of the activity of dissolved H+   "neutral": the concentration of H+ equals the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-); pH of 7.0   acids: concentration of H+ exceeds that of OH-; pH lower than 7.0     bases: OH- exceeds H+; pH value greater than 7.0 Term synergy Definition two or more processes interact so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of their separate effects Term Organic compounds and examples Definition -hydrocarbons: carbon + hydrogen (methane)   -chlorinated hydrocarbons: carbon, hydrogen + chlorine (DDT: C14H9Cl5)   -simple carbs(sugars): certain types of carbon, hydrogen, + oxygen (glucose:C6H12O6)