Term
| Broad-spectrum penicillins are also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of broad-spectrum penicillins (aminopenicillins) are: |
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Definition
Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Ampicillin (Principen)
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)
ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn) |
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Term
| Penicillinase-resistant penicillins are also known as |
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Definition
Antistaphylococcal Penicillins.
They are used to treat penicillinase-producing S. aureus. |
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Term
| Examples of penicillinase-resistant penicillins (antistaphylococcals) are: |
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Definition
Dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
nafcillin (Nallpen) (IM or IV prep)
oxacillin (Bactocill) (IM or IV prep) |
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Term
| Extended-spectrum penicillins are also called |
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Definition
Antipseudomonal penicillins.
These are effective against many gram-negative organisms that are difficult to erradicate |
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Term
| Examples of extended-spectrum penicillins are |
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Definition
carbenicillin indanyl (Geocillin)
piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)
ticarcillin-clavulanate (Timentin) |
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Term
| Examples of basic penicillins are |
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Definition
Penicillin G (Crysticillin, Wycillin, Bicillin, Pfizerpen)
Penicillin V (Veetids) |
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Term
| Penicillins have what type of structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does penicillin's beta-lactam structure have to do with its method of action? |
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Definition
| It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme that is necessary for cell division and synthesis. The bacteria die of cell lysis. |
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Term
| Penicillins and cephalosporins have a (bacteriostatic/bactericidal) effect on bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cephalosporins are effective against |
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Definition
Gram-positive
Gram-negative
and are resistant to beta-lactamase |
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Term
| Cephalosporins method of action is |
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Definition
| inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Lysis occurs |
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Term
| First generation cephalosporins are effective against |
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Definition
gram-positive bacteria
most gram-negative bacteria |
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Term
| Second generation cephalosporins are effective against |
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Definition
Gram-positive bacteria (same as first gen.)
But they have a broader spectrum against other gram-negative bacteria |
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Term
| Third generation cephalosporins are effective against |
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Definition
Same effectiveness as first and second gens.
Just less effective against gram-positive |
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Term
| Fourth generation cephalosporins |
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Definition
Are similar to third generation
Broader gram-positive coverage than third gen. |
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Term
| T/F Approximately 50% of people allergic to penicillin are also allergic to cephalosporins. |
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Definition
| False. Only approximately 10% of those allergic to penicillin are also allergic to cephalosporins. However, a client who is allergic to PCN should be watched for a possible allergic reaction to cephalosporin. |
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Term
| Few cephalosporins are administered orally. The rest are administered IM and IV. These that are given orally include: |
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Definition
cephalexin (Keflex)
cefadroxil (Duricef)
cephradine (Velosef)
cefaclor (Ceclor)
cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin)
cefuroxime sodium (Zinacef)
cefdinir (Omnicef)
cef-tibuten (Cedax) |
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Term
| Side effects and adverse reactions to cephalosporins include |
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Definition
- N/V/Diarrhea (GI disturbances)
- Increased bleeding (alteration in blood clotting time with administration of large doses)
- Nephrotoxicity in those with preexisting renal disorder |
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Term
| What common drug (not Rx) may have an interaction with cephalosporin? |
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Definition
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