Term
|
Definition
| Not a plant, animal, or fungus, most are unicellular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combine photosyntheseis & heterotrophic nutrition |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 groups of protists from the Super group |
|
Definition
| Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, Unikonta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to an algal body that is plantlike |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the porous shells in the foraminiferans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extensions that bulge from almost anywhere on the cell surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process in which certain unicellular organisms engulf other cells, which become endosymbionts and organelles in the host cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism that performs photosynthesis or oxidizes inorganic chemicals to produce their own food. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are found in photosynthetics (producers) eukaryotes and are organelles closely related that include chloroplasts, chromoplasts & amyloplasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prolonged association between two or more different organisms of different species that may, but does not necessarily, benefit each member. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| during eukaryotic evolution, both red & green algae underwent this, they were ingested in food vacuoles of heterotrophic eukaryotes and became endosymbionts themselves |
|
|
Term
| What are the organelles that protists mostly use? |
|
Definition
| nucleus,endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatua, & lysosomes |
|
|
Term
| How do protists reproduce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Evidence of Endosymbiosis (1) |
|
Definition
| organelles resemble bacteria size & structure |
|
|
Term
| Evidence of Endopsymbiosis (2) |
|
Definition
| contain small amount of DNA but lack a nuclear membrane |
|
|
Term
| Evidence of Endosymbiosis (3) |
|
Definition
| they reproduce through--> binary fission |
|
|
Term
| Evidence of Endosymbiosis (4) |
|
Definition
| they make their own proteins |
|
|
Term
| Evidence of Endosymbiosis (5) |
|
Definition
| they have their own ribosomes which resemble prokaryotic ribosomes in structure & number of sub-units |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 different Nutrionaly diets that protists can have |
|
Definition
| autotroph, heterotroph, mixotroph |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 examples of the structural & functional diversity in protists? |
|
Definition
| unicellular, can be multicellular, colonial and can reproduce sexually, asexully or both ways |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of endosymbiosis in eukaryotic evolution? |
|
Definition
| -strong evidence happens to show that eukaryotes acquired mitochondria after an early eukaryote fist engulfed & then formed a endosymbiotic assoc. w/ an alpha proteobacterium |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the biggest reason why there is so much diversity among protists? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What resulted mostly from primary endosymbiosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of protists have modified mitochondria and unique flagella? |
|
Definition
Excavates
ex: Diplomonads & parabasalids have modified mitochondria
& Euglenozoans contain spiral or crystalline rod inside flagella (unique flagella) |
|
|
Term
| Which supergroup may have originated by secondary endosymbiosis? |
|
Definition
Chromalveolates (the chromalveolates)
- contain the aveolates (membrane sacs (alveoli) beneath plasma membrane
-haiy & smooth flagella |
|
|
Term
| Which diverse super goup of protists are defined by their DNA similarities? |
|
Definition
Rhizarians, major groups: Radilarians (amoebas w/ threadlike pseudopodia)
-Forarms(foraminifera)amoebas w/ threadlike pseudopodia & porous shelf (test)
-have their own shells
-Cercozoans: amoebas & flagellated protists w/ threadlike pseudopodia |
|
|
Term
| Which supergroup contains the red & green algae that are the closest relatives to land plants? |
|
Definition
Archaeplastida-> primary endosymbiont
-groups: red algae (phycoerythrin, acessory pigment, green algae (plant-type chloroplasts) & land plants
-contain chloroplasts w/ 2 membranes |
|
|
Term
| Which super group include protists that are closely related to fungi & animals |
|
Definition
Unikonts: blunt figner-like peseudopodia that are multinucleate
-Group: Amoebozoans, amoebas w/ lobe shaped pseudopodia & Opisthokonts |
|
|
Term
| What are charophytes closely related too? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alternation of generations |
|
Definition
applies to life cycles in which both haploid and diploid stages are multicellular
- brown & gold algae have both evolved in this mode of reproduction too |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -They are placed in Amoebazoa and they descended from unicellular ancestors, they have diverged in 2 main branchesa: plasmodial slime molds & cellular slime molds that are distinguished by life life cycles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- are protists in the supergroup Excavata that include predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, and parasites.
-Main morphological feature that distinguishes this protists in the this clade is the presence of a rod with either a spiral or crystalline structure inside each of their flagella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- In the super group Chromaveolates
- cells are reinforced by cellulose plates
- 2 flagella located in grooves in this armor make the dinoflag. spin as they move throug H2O.
-marine & freshwater, plankton & phytoplankton, heterotrophic, autotrophic, & mixotrophic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Characteristic for chromaveolates
- protists that use their cillia to move and feed. They may completely cover cell surface or may be clustered in a few rows or tufts.
- in some species rows of tightly packed cilia function collectively in locomotion
- in other protists cilliates scurry about on leg- like structures that are made up of many cillia bonded together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- in the supergroup chromaveolates
- unicellular algae that have unique glass-like wall made of hydrated silica embeded in organic matrix
- can with stand great pressures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Supergroup: Archaeplastida:
- An autotroph protist which red pigment masks color of green chlorophyll, most are multi-cellular & marine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Supergroup: Archaeplastida
- pigment from yellow and brown carotenoids
- cells are biflagellated, with both flagella attached near one end of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Supergroup: Archaeplastida
- largest and most complex group of algae, all are multicellular & most are marine
- common in temperate coasts, where water is cool, owe color to carotenoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Supergroup: Archaeplastida
- photosynthetic protist
- named for green chloroplasts that are similar in structure & pigment composition to those of land plants
- are a parapphyletic group, some are more closely related to land plants than other green algae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- SuperGroup: Rhizaria
- move and feed by pseudopodia(bulge like extensions from anywhere on the cells) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Supergroup: Rhizarians
- symmetrical internal skeletons, that are made up of silica.
- Their pseudopodia of mostly marine protists radiate from central body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Supergroup: Rhizaria
- named for their porous shells (tests)
- tests contain single piece of organic material hardened with calcium carbonate
- their pseudopodia function in swimming, test formation, & feeding
- derive nourishment from the photosyntheseis of symbiotic algae that live with in the tests |
|
|
