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Term
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Definition
| The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. |
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Definition
| An atom’s central core, containing protons and neutrons. |
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Definition
| The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript to the left of the elemental symbol. |
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Definition
| The total mass of an atom, which is the mass in grams of one mole of the atom. |
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Definition
| An ion with a positive charge, produced by the loss of one or more electrons. |
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Definition
| An attraction between two atoms, resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells. |
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| In a reversible chemical reaction, the point at which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. |
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Definition
| A process leading to chemical changes in matter; involves the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds. |
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Definition
| A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio. |
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Definition
| A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. |
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Definition
| A measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles. |
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Definition
| An energy level represented as the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom. |
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Definition
| A subatomic particle with a single negative charge. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom. |
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Definition
| The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond. |
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Definition
| Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance. |
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Definition
| Any of several different states of potential energy for electrons in an atom. |
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Definition
| The capacity to do work (to move matter against an opposing force). |
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Definition
| A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. |
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Definition
| An atom that has gained or lost electrons, thus acquiring a charge. |
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Definition
| A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
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Definition
| A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called a salt. |
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Definition
| One of several atomic forms of an element, each containing a different number of neutrons and thus differing in atomic mass. |
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Definition
| The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus. |
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Definition
| Anything that takes up space and has mass. |
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Definition
| A type of molecular notation indicating only the quantity of the constituent atoms. |
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Definition
| Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
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Definition
| An electrically neutral particle (a particle having no electrical charge), found in the nucleus of an atom. |
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Definition
| A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity. |
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Definition
| The energy stored by matter as a result of its location or spatial arrangement. |
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Definition
| An ending material in a chemical reaction. |
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Definition
| A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom. |
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Term
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Definition
| An isotope (an atomic form of a chemical element) that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy. |
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Definition
| A starting material in a chemical reaction. |
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Definition
| A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called an ionic compound. |
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Definition
| A type of molecular notation in which the constituent atoms are joined by lines representing covalent bonds. |
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Definition
| An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts. |
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Definition
| An electron in the outermost electron shell. |
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Definition
| The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom. |
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Definition
| The bonding capacity of an atom, generally equal to the number of unpaired electrons in the atom’s outermost shell. |
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Term
| van der Waals interactions |
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Definition
| Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that are brought about by localized charge fluctuations. |
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