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Chapter 28
Anthropods and Echinoderms
56
Biology
12th Grade
05/01/2011

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Term
arthropod
Definition
have a segmented body, a tough a exoskeletonm and jointed appendages 
Term
insects, crabs, and centipedes
Definition
arthropods include what?
Term
exoskeleton
Definition
arthropods are surrounded by a tough external covering called what?
Term
Chitin
Definition

the exoskeleton is made from a protein called...

is a carbohydrate

Term
appendages 
Definition
all anrthopods have jointed...
Term
a pair
Definition
arthropods have a pair of appendages per segment
Term
feeding, movement, and other functions
Definition
the evolution of arthropods has led to fewer body segments and highly specialized appendages used for...
Term
interrelated
Definition

organ systems in anthropods are...

meaning the functioning of one system depends on that of the other systems

Term
anthropods
Definition

herbivores, carnivores, and omnivored

filter feeders, detritoveres, and parasites

all make up the feeding of what?

Term
mouth parts
Definition
this part of the anrthopod is adapted to whatever the the anthropod eats
Term
tracheal tubes
Definition
anthropods breathe through a network of branching...that extend throughout the body
Term
spiracles
Definition
a small opening locate along the side of the body in which air enters and leaves the tracheal tubes in an anthropod
Term
book lungs
Definition
used by spiders for respiration 
Term
book lungs
Definition
organs that have layers of respiratory tissue stacked like pages of a book
Term
open circulation
Definition
anthropods have what type of circulation system?
Term
sinuses
Definition
or cavities which blood moves through in anthropods
Term
Malpighian Tubules
Definition
most terrestrial arthropods dispose of nitrogenous wastes using...
Term
Malpighian Tubules
Definition
are sacklike organs that extract wastes from the blood and then add them to digestive wastes
Term
ventral nerve cord
Definition
two nerves connect the brain to a...
Term
ganglia
Definition
groups of nerve cells that coordinate the movements of indicidual legs and wings
Term
diffusion
Definition
in aquatic anthropods... moves wastes from the body into the surroundung water
Term
endrocrine system
Definition
molting in anthropods is controlled by...
Term
crustaceans
Definition
this subphylum includes crabs, shrimps, lobsters, crayfish, and barnacles 
Term
crustaceans
Definition

typical aquatic

have 2 pairs of antennae, 2 or 3 body sections, and chewing mouth parts called mandibles

Term
cephalothorax
Definition
is formed by fusion of the head with the thorax
Term
thorax
Definition
lies just behind the head and houses most of the internal organs
Term
carapace
Definition
is the part of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax
Term
mandible
Definition
is a mouthpart adapted for biting and grinding food
Term
five
Definition
how many pairs of legs do decapods have?
Term
chelipeds
Definition
in crayfisht he first pair of legs is called...
Term
swimmerets
Definition
flipperlike appendages used for swimming in crustaceans
Term
Chelicerates
Definition
includes horseshoe crabs, spiders, ticks, and scorpions
Term
cherlicerates
Definition

2 body segments and mouthparts called chelicerae,

most have 4 pairs of walking legs,

spin long webs by forcing liquid silk through spinnerets (organs that contain silk glands)

Term
pedipalps
Definition
are longer than the chelicarae and are usually modified to grab prey
Term
merostomata
Definition
includes horseshoe crabs and a category in chelicerates
Term
arachnida
Definition
a group of chelicerates that includes spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions
Term
silk
Definition
all spiders produce this
Term
uniramians
Definition
centipedes, millipedes, and insects are...
Term
uniramians
Definition
have jaws, one pair of antennae, and unbranched appendages
Term
insects
Definition
have a body divided into three parts-head, thorax, and abdomen.  Three pairs of legs are attached to the thorax
Term
metamorphosis
Definition
the growth and development of insects usually involve this which is a process of changing shape and form
Term
nymphs
Definition
immature forms of insects
Term
nymphs
Definition
lack functional sexual organs and other adult structures, such as wings
Term
complete metamorphosis
Definition

animals hatch into larvae that look nothing like their parents.

they feed and grow rapidly and molt a few times

Term
pupa
Definition
the stage in which an insect changes from larvae to adult
Term
pheromones
Definition
are specific chemical messengers that affect the behavior or development of other individuals of the same species
Term
society
Definition
is a group of closely related animals that work together for the benefit of the whole group
Term
castes
Definition
specialized individuals to perform certain tasks
Term
waggle dance
Definition
a dance bees use to indicate that food is farther away from the hive
Term
round dance
Definition
a dance bees use to communicate that food is relatively close to the hive
Term
echinoderms
Definition
includes sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea lilies, and feather stars
Term
echinoderms
Definition
have spiny skin, a water vascular system, and tube feet (suction-suplike structures for movement) an endoskeleton
Term
madreporite
Definition
the water vascular system opens to the outside through a sievelike structure called...
Term
tube foot
Definition

found in the echinoderms attached to each radial canal

-create and enormous force allowing echinoderms to "walk" and pull open shelled prey

Term
external fertilization
Definition
how do echinodersm reproduce?
Term
plates
Definition
sea urchins and sand dollars have large solid... that form a box around their internal organs
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