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Definition
| energy stored in bonds of molecules |
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Definition
| energy associated with the movement of charged particles across cell membranes |
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Definition
| energy that moves objects |
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Definition
| energy that travels in waves (light and sound) |
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Definition
| measured by the effects on matter. capacity to do work or put matter in motion |
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Definition
| occurs when chemical bonds are formed, rearranged, or broken |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more substances physically intermixed. solute dissolved in solvent |
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Definition
| dissolving medium. substance present in greatest amount. usually water in the human body |
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Definition
| substance being dissolved. substance present in the smallest amount |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of the solute in solution |
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Term
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Definition
| study of chemical composition and reactions in living matter |
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Term
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Definition
do not contain C
(ex: water, salts, acids, bases) |
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Term
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Definition
contain C and covalent bonds
(ex: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins)
water is required to form and break bonds. cells link smaller units together via dehydration synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| when dissolved in water, dissociates and releases free hydrogen ions |
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Term
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Definition
| when dissolved in water, dissociates and releases hydroxyl ions. (remove H+ from solution) |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that resist changes in pH of body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| ionic molecules that dissociate in water releasing cations other than H+. releasing anions other than OH- |
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Term
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Definition
| ions that conduct electrical currents when in solution. Essential in functioning of nerve and muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which a large molecule is made by removing water and forming a covalent bond b/t the smaller molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which water is used to split a large molecule into smaller molecules by BREAKING covalent bonds |
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Term
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Definition
sugars, starches, glycogen.
composed of HCO
source of cellular fuel and attached to plasma membrane of cells allowing them to recognize each other |
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Term
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Definition
smallest unit
glucose, galactose, fructose, deoxyribose, ribose
structure: hexose and pentose sugars |
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Term
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Definition
two sugars
sucrose, maltose, lactose |
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Term
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Definition
many sugars. large molecules made up of long chains of monosaccharides linked by DEHYDRATION synthesis
starch, cellulose, glycogen |
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Term
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Definition
hydrophobic
functions: protection, insulation, component of plasma membrane, long-term energy storage
composed of C, H, O. some contain P |
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Term
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Definition
| (solid fats and oils) large lipids, made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids. Insulation and protection |
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Term
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Definition
only single covalent bonds b/t carbon in fatty acid chains
solid at room temp |
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Term
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Definition
one or more double bonds b/t carbon
liquid at room temp |
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Term
| phospholipids (diglycerides) |
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Definition
glycerol + phosphorous group + 2 fatty acids
major component of plasma membranes |
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Term
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Definition
lipids with 4 carbon rings bonded together
cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| part of steroid. component of plasma membrane, structural basis for production of Vitamin D |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of C, H, O, N (may contain S,P). smallest unit is amino acids, which are linked together by dehydration synthesis to form peptide bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| actin, myosin; movement within organs and whole body |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins function keratin, collagen, elastin |
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Definition
| protein function as antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins function as hemoglobin |
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Definition
| proteins function as hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins function as biological catalysts |
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Term
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Definition
proteins regulate pH
regulates acid-base balance |
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Term
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Definition
unfolding and loss of the specific 3D shape of a protein
shape and function are both lost |
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Term
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Definition
| speeds up action without being changed in the process |
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Term
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Definition
composed of C, H, N, O, P
ex: DNA, RNA, ATP
each contain phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
linked by dehydration synthesis b/t sugar and phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
double strand of nucleotides
located in nucleus of cell
ensures genetic info in daughter cells
instructions for protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
single strand of nucleotides
sugar present is ribose
carries out DNA's instructions for protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
usable energy of cell is captured and stored in bonds b/t phosphate groups
phosphate can be reattached to ADP by dehydration synthesis and an input of energy
contain:(adnenine nitrogenous base, ribose sugar 5C, 3 phosphates) |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical reaction in which a phosphate molecule is added to another molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| total of all the chemical reactions occurring in the body cells |
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Term
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Definition
energy requiring (endergonic) building phase of metabolism
smaller molecules are combined by dehydration synthesis to make larger molecules |
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Term
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Definition
energy releasing (exergonic) breaking down phase of metabolism
larger molecules are broken down by hydrolysis to make smaller molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| energy in the form of ______ is most useful form of energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Body's major transport medium |
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Term
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Definition
| carbon - nitrogen bond between amine group and carboxylic group. formed by dehydration of amino acids. broken by hydrolysis |
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Definition
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Definition
| more than two amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| area on an enzyme that fits another molecule(substrate) of complementary shape. |
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Term
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Definition
| other molecule which area on enzyme bonds to |
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Term
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Definition
| conatain: Phosphate group, 5C sugar(ribose or deoxyribose), nitrogenous base(5types) linked by dehydration synthesis between sugar and phosphate group |
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