Term
|
Definition
| cells that are highly specialized to recieve and transmit information from one part of the body to another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Convey information about the environment, such as light or sound, from specialized receptor cells in the sense organs to the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communicate information to the muscles and glands of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communicate information between neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| processes nutrients and provides energy for the neuron to function; contains the cell's nucleus; also called soma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple short fibers that extend from the neuron's cellbody and recieve information from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the long fluid-filled tube that carries a neuron's messages to other body areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
support cells that assist neurons by providing structural support, nutrition and removal of cells wastes
manufacture myelin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a white, fatty overing wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increase their communication speed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a breif electrical impulse by which information is transmitted along the axon of a neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the principle that either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the point of communication between two neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gaps in the myelin sheath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
having a difference in teh electrical charge between the inside and outside of the axon
(-)inside (+) outside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (+)inside (-) outside, with stimulus the charge of the axon changes for a short time period to opposite charges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach from a postsynaptic neuron and are reabsorbed by a presynaptic neuron so they can be recycled and used again. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs, called synaptic vesicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bundles of neuron axons that carry information in the peripheral nervous system |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
|
Definition
| division of the nervous system that includes all the nerves lying outside the central nervous system |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| Branch of the autonomic nervous system that maintains normal bodily functions and conserves the body's physical resources |
|
|
Term
| Central Nervous System (CNS) |
|
Definition
| Division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involunatry functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that communicates sensory information to the central nervous system and carries motor messages from the central nervous system to the muscles |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| Branch of the autonomic nervous system that produces rapid physical arousal in response to percieved emergencies or threats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
electroencephalogram
The graphic record of brain activity produced by an electroencephalograph |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
imaging technique that monitors metabolic, or biochemical, activity in the brain and other organs by tracking the movement and concentration of a radioactive tracer injected into the bloodstream.
They are used in medicine to diagnose brain tumors and strokes, and to locate the origins of epileptic activity; in psychiatry to examine brain function in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other mental illnesses; and in neuropsychology to study such brain functions and capabilities as speech, reading, memory, and dreaming.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A noninvasive imaging technique that produces highly detailed images of the body's structures and tissues, using electromagnetic signals generated by the body in response to magnetic fields |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A noninvasive imaging technique that uses magnetic fields to map brain activity by measuring changes in the brain's blood flow and oxygen levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the brain's ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the brains ability to change its physical structure in response to learning, active practice, or environmental influences |
|
|
Term
| Contralateral organization |
|
Definition
| Sensory and motor pathways pass through the hindbrain to and from regions that are situated higher up in the brain. Sensory informaation coming in from one side of the body crosses over at the hindbrain level, projecting to the opposite side of the brain. And outgoing motor messages from one side of the brain also cross over at the hindbrain level, controlling movement and other motor functions on the opposite side of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hindbrain structure that controls vital life functions such as breathing and circulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a hindbrain structure that connects the medulla to the two sides of the cerebellum;
helps coordinate and integrate movements on each side of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The middle and smallest brain region, involved in processing auditory and visual sensory information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A forebrain structure that processes sensory information for all senses, except smell and relays it to the cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a network of nerve fibers located in tehe center of the medulla that helps regulate attention, arousal, and sleep also called the reticular activating system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| almond-shaped cluster of neurons in teh brain's temporal lobe, involved in memory and emotional responses, especially fear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a curved forebrain structure that is part of the limbic system and is involved in learning and forming new memories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A peanut-sized forebrain structure that is part of the limbic system and regulates behaviors related to survival, such as eating, drinking, and sexual activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endocrine gland attached to teh base of the brain that secrets hormones that affect the function of other glands as well as hormones that act directly on physical processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The largest lobe of each cerebal hemisphere; processes voluntary muscle movements and is involved in thinking, planning, and emotional control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex located above the temporal lobe that processes somatic sensations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An area at the back of each cerebral hemisphere that is the primary receiving area for visual information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary recieving area for auditory information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inside temporal lobe; recieves auditory information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inside occipital lobe; where visual information is recieved |
|
|
Term
| Primary Somatosensory Coretex |
|
Definition
| a band of tissue on the parietal lobe that recieves information from touch receptors in different parts of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a band of tissue on the frontal lobe that controls voluntary movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in the temporal lobe, is important in the comprehension of written or spoken language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AKA receptive aphasia
people have great difficulty comprehending written or spoken communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located in lower frontal lobe, involved in the production of speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AKA expressive aphasia, people with find it difficult or impossible to produce speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a large two-sided hindbrain structure at the back of the brain; responsible for muscle coordination and maintaining posture and equilibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
any of certain masses of gray matter in the brain
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical messengers maufactured by a neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream primarily by endocrine glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a long, thread like structure composed of twisted parallel strands of DNA; found in the cell nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pair of endocrine glands that are involved in the human stress response |
|
|
Term
| Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA |
|
Definition
| the double stranded molecule that encodes genetic instructions; the chemical basis of heredity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurotransmittter involved in the regulation of bodily movement, thought processes, and rewarding sensations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the endocrine glands that secrete hormones that regulate sexual characteristics and reproductive processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the genetic makeup of an individual organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the observable traits or characteristics of an organism as determined by the interaction of genetics and environmental factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain that secretes hormones that affect the function of other glands as well as hormones that act directly on physical processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls body metabolism rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates blood sugar and insulin levels; involved in hunger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to stimulate the axon into action potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a synapse in which an action potential in a presynaptic neuron increases the probability of an action potential occurring in a postsynaptic cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gene that produces the same phenotype in the organism whether or not its allele identical; "the dominant gene for brown eyes" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gene that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its allele is identical; "the recessive gene for blue eyes" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having two different alleles for a single trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having identical alleles for a single trait |
|
|
