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1.Eight armies of the Manchu tribes identified by separate flags
2.created by Nurhaci in early 17th century
3.utilized to defeat Ming emperor and establish Qing dynasty |
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1.an army commanded by the British General Sir Herbert Kitchener defeated the army of Abdullah al-Taashi
2.The village of Omdurman was chosen in 1884 as the base of operations by the Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad
3.It was a demonstration of the superiority of a highly disciplined army equipped with modern rifles, machine guns and artillery |
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1.a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there
2.The rebels, referred to by Westerners as Boxers because they performed physical exercises they believed would make them able to withstand bullets
3.rom June to August, the Boxers besieged the foreign district of Beijing (then called Peking), China’s capital, until an international force that included American troops subdued the uprising |
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1.Was a senior British Army officer
2.Was a colonial administrator
3.Won fame for his imperial campaigns |
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1.Sudanese Ansar General and ruler who was one of the principal followers of Muhammad Ahmad
2. Ahmad claimed to be the Mahdi, building up a large following
3.After his death Abdallahi ibn Muhammad took over the movement, adopting the title of Khalifat al-Mahdi |
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1.is a title largely equivalent to the English word viceroy
2. It was first used, without official recognition, by Muhammad Ali Pasha
3.used in the governor of Egypt and Sudan, and vassal of the Ottoman Empire. |
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1.is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for seven, nine, or nineteen years before the day of judgement
2.Will remove all of evil in the world
3.There is no explicit reference to the Mahdi in the Qu'ran, but references to him are found in hadith |
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1.Controlled Egypt by 1811
2.began a modernization process based on Western models but failed to greatly change Egypt
3.Khedives: Descendants of Muhammad Ali; rulers of Egypt until 1952 |
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1. was fought between Britain and China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations
2.the Treaty of Nanking granted an indemnity and extraterritoriality to Britain
3.The failure of the treaty to satisfy British goals of improved trade and diplomatic relations led to the Second Opium War |
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1.was the last imperial dynasty of China
2.ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917
3.It was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of Chin |
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| Society for Union and Progress |
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1.began as a secret society established as the "Committee of Ottoman Union" in Istanbul in 1889
2.Was created by the medical students Ibrahim Temo, Abdullah Cevdet, İshak Sükuti, and Ali Hüseyinzade
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1.The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt
2.connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
3.Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction |
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1.Mahmud II was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839
2.He was born in the Topkapi Palace, Constantinople
3.was the posthumous son of Sultan Abdul Hamid I |
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1. massive civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864
2.War was against the ruling Manchu Qing dynasty
3.t was a millenarian movement led by Hong Xiuquan |
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1.Western-style reforms within the Ottoman Empire
2.Occured between 1839 and 1876
3.ncluded a European-influenced constitution in 1876 |
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1.formally called the Treaty of Peace
2.Friendship and Commerce between Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and the Emperor of China
3.was signed on the 29 August 1842 to mark the end of the First Opium War |
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1.1908 reversed the 1878 suspension of the Ottoman parliament
2.the General Assembly, by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, marking the onset of the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire
3.Members of the Ottoman Society for Union and Progress |
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