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Chapter 2
Science Chapter 2
34
Science
7th Grade
06/14/2010

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Term
autotroph
Definition
organism that makes its own food
Term
heterotroph
Definition
organism that obtains energy by feeding on others
Term
homeostasis
Definition
maintenance of stable internal conditions
Term
classification
Definition
process of grouping things based on their similarities
Term
binomial nomenclature
Definition
giving an organism two scientific names
Term
genus
Definition
classification group that contains similar, closely related, organisms
Term
species
Definition
group of similar organisms that can mate and produce offspring
Term
prokaryotes
Definition
organism that lacks a nucleus
Term
eukaryotes
Definition
organism with a nucleus
Term
cell
Definition
basic units of structure and function of living things
Term
cell theory
Definition
widely accepted explanation of relationship between cells and living things
Term
cell wall
Definition
rigid layer of non-living material that surrounds cells of plants and other organisms
Term
cell membrane
Definition
soft barrier after cell wall that controls what comes in and out of the cell
Term
nuclear membrane
Definition
barrier that protects nucleus
Term
nucleolus
Definition
small floating object in a nucleus that produces ribosomes that creates chromatin
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
passages that carry materials from one part to another in a cell
Term
ribosome
Definition
small, grainlike bodies attacked to endoplasmic reticulum that produce protein
Term
mitochondria
Definition
rod-shaped structures that convert food to energy to power a cell
Term
vacuole
Definition
large, water-filled gap in the cytoplasm that act as storage areas
Term
lysosome
Definition
small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials
Term
chloroplast
Definition
green organelles that capture sunlight and use it to produce food
Term
organism
Definition
a living thing
Term
unicellular
Definition
single-celled organisms
Term
multicellular
Definition
organisms that are made of many cells that are organized to do special tasks
Term
stimulus
Definition
A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react
Term
response
Definition
an action or change in behavior
Term
development
Definition
the process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism
Term
spontaneous generation
Definition
The mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources
Term
taxonomy
Definition
The scientific study of how living things are classified
Term
nucleus
Definition
a dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acids
Term
microscope
Definition
an instrument that makes small objects look larger
Term
organelle
Definition
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Term
Golgi body
Definition
A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
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