The colonnade of St. Peter’s

-most important contribution of to vatican architecture was his design was the colonnade

-the space in front of the main facade of the basilica

-284 huge doric columns placed in rows of four, nearly 800 feet across ..designed specifically for its dramatic effect

-considered the colonnade to symbolize ''the motherly arms of the church"

The Baldacchino

-designed baldacchino

-part architecture/part sculpture

-consisted of 4 twisted columns decorated with spiraling grooves and bronze vines

-symbolizes old and new testament and the vine of eucharist 

-uniquely baroque in spirit

Bernini

-design a cast bronze baldacchino

-appointed chief vatican architect  

Caravaggio

-real name michelangelo merisi

-acknowledge master of light and dark, the most influential painter of his day 

-his works inspired many followers, who were called the caravaggisti

Sirani

-caravaggisti woman

-most painting were for private patrons

-produced more than 190 woks before her ealy death at 27

-painted portraits, religious works, allegorical works, and occasionally mythological works and stories from ancient history

Gentileschi

-one of caravaggios most important followers

-one of the first women artist to achieve an international reputation 

-raped when she was 19 by 

-moved to florence with husband 

-transforms her personal tragedy in her painting

-prefers biblical and mythological heroines and women who played mayor roles 

Venice and Baroque Music

-council of trent recognized the power of music and the whole plan of singing was for sacred compositions and not secular music

-venice earned its place at the center of the musical world largely through the efforts of Giovanni Gabrieli (one of the first to right religious music)

-canzona is type of instrumental contrapuntal work

-orchestration is to design a specific voice or instrument

-dynamics is variations and contrast in force or intensity 

-italian became the international language of music

-claudio monteverdi appointed musicla director at st marks in venice after gabrielis death 

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Vivaldi

-venices most important composer of the early 18th century

-son of the leading violinist at saint mark 

-many of vivaldi works were writeen specifically for performance by ospedali(girl choirs and and instrumental ensembles)

-specialized in composing concertos (3 movement secular form of instrumental music

-composed nearly 600 concertos 

Monteverdi

- was appointed musical director at saint mark, venice after gabrielis death

-proposed new relation of text and music

-"text is the ruler of harmony"

-led him to master the opera(works consisting of many smaller works)

-composed ofreo(his first opera) its accepted as the first to succesfully integrate music and drama

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“Continuity and Change,” page 831

-king was looking for architect to design a new east facade for the palais de louvre in paris

-bernini was obvious choice

-but didnt happen becuase french architects were protesting the award of such an important commission to a foreigner 

-louis le vau, claude perrault and charles le brun together designed it

-louis xiv rejection of berninis plan marks the end of the ascendency of italian art and architecture in european culture

-from 1665 on the dominant artist wouldbe northern in origin.

-bach, handel,  mozart and beethoven

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