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Chapter 25
Section 1-4
20
History
9th Grade
02/20/2013

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Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
was the transition to new manufacturing processes that occurred in the period from about 1760 to some time between 1820 and 1840
Term
enclosure
Definition
is the process which ends traditional rights
Term
crop rotation
Definition
proved to be one of the best developments by the scientific farmers
Term
industrialization
Definition
which is the process of developing machine production of
goods, required such resources
Term
factors of production
Definition
the resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial
Revolution required
Term
factory
Definition
Wealthy textile merchants set up the machines in large buildings
Term
entrepreneur
Definition
a person
who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business
Term
urbanization
Definition
—city building and the movement of people to cities
Term
middle class
Definition
a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers
Term
stock
Definition
To raise the money, entrepreneurs sold shares ; certain
rights of ownership
Term
corporation
Definition
is a business owned by
stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its
debts
Term
laissez faire
Definition
refers to the economic policy of letting
owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference
Term
Adam Smith
Definition
a professor at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, defended
the idea of a free economy, or free markets, in his 1776 book The Wealth of
Nations
Term
capitalism
Definition
is an economic system in which the factors of
production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make
a profit
Term
utilitarianism
Definition
In the late 1700s, Bentham introduced the philosoophy
Term
socialism
Definition
, the factors of production are
owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all
Term
Karl Marx
Definition
writings of a German journalist
Term
communism
Definition
a form of complete socialism in which the means of production
Term
union
Definition
To
press for reforms, workers joined together in voluntary
labor associations
Term
strike
Definition
factory owners refused these demands, union members
could ; or refuse to work
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