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Definition
| the study of genes and genotypes in a population |
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| a group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same environent and can interbreed with one another |
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| all of the genes in a population |
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| the phenomenon that many traits or genes may display variation within a population |
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| a gene that commonly exists as two or more alleles in a population |
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| a gene that exists predominantly as a single allele in a population |
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| single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) |
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| a type of genetic variation in a population in which a particular gene sequences varies at a single nucleotide |
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| a medical practice in which information about a patient's genotype is used to individualize their medical care |
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| the number of copies of a particular allele in a population divided by the total number of alleles in that population |
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| in a population, the number of individuals with a given genotype divided by the total number of individuals |
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| an equation (p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1) that relates the allele and genotype frequencies; the equation predicts an equilibrium if no new mutations are formed, no natural selection occurs, the population size is very large, the population does not migrate, and mating is random |
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Definition
| changes in a population's gene pool from generation to generation |
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| the process that eliminates those individuals that are less likely to survive and reproduce in a particular environment, while allowing other individuals with traits that confer greater reproductive success to increase in numbers |
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| the processes and structures by which organisms adjust to changed in their environment |
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| the likelihood of contributing fertile offspring to the next generation |
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| the relative likelihood that a genotype will contribute to the gene pool of the next generation as compared with other genotypes |
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| mean fitness of the population |
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Definition
| the average reproductive success of members of a population |
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| a pattern of natural selection that favors individuals at one extreme of a phenotypic distribution |
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| a pattern of natural selection that favors the survival of individuals with an intermediate phenotype |
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| a pattern of natural selection that favors the survival of two or more different genotypes that produce different phenotypes |
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| a type of natural selectoin that maintaings genetic diversity in a population |
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| the phenomenon in which two or more alleles are kept in balance and maintained in a population over the course of many generations |
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Definition
| a phenomenon in which a heterozygote has a higher Darwinian fitness than either corresponding homozygote |
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| negative frequency-dependent selection |
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Definition
| a pattern of natural selection in which the fitness of a genotype decreases when its frequency becomes higher; the result is a balanced polymorphism |
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| a type of natural selection that is directed at certain traits of sexually reproducing species that make it more likely for individuals to find or choose a mate and / or engage in successful mating |
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| sexual selection between members of the same sex |
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| sexual selection between members of the opposite sex |
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| the random change in a population's allele frequencies from one generation to the next that is attributable to chance. It occurs more quickly in small populations |
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| a situation in which a population size is dramatically reduced and then rebounds. While the population is small, genetic drift may rapidly reduce the genetic diversity of the population |
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| genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals separates from a larger population and establishes a colony in a new location |
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| genetic variation in which natural selection does not favor any particular genotype |
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| neutral theory of evolution |
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Definition
| states that most genetic variation is due to the accumulation of neutral mutations that have attained high frequencies in a population via genetic drift |
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| the idea that much of the modern variation in gene sequences is explained by neutral variation rather than adaptive variation |
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| occurs when individuals migrate between different populations and results in changes in the genetic composition of the resulting populations |
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| the phenomenon that individuals choose their mates based on their genotypes or phenotypes |
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| mating among genetically related relatives |
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