Term
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Definition
About 50 different species are responsible for human diseases
Nematodes
Trematodes
Cestodes |
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Term
| Life stages of helminth parasites |
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Definition
Fertilized egg
Larval stage
Adult stages |
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Term
| To complete life cycle for helminth parasites |
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Definition
| Adult worms must transmit infectious form to another host or the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| The host which harbors larval stage |
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Term
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Definition
| The host on which adults mate |
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Term
| Drug treatment for worms in general |
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Definition
Target worms, not humans
Drugs include: Mebendazole + Thiobendazole
Pyrantel + Pipermeine (paralyzes worm)
No vaccines |
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Term
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Definition
Long and cylindrical shape
Smooth outer covering
Complete digestive tract
Sexes are separate |
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Term
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Definition
Causes ascarasis
The giant intestinal round worm
Occurs world-wide
Found in cultures that use human feces as soil
Transmission: fecal-oral
Infectious stage: egg |
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Term
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Definition
Ingested eggs pass into small intestine, where larvae hatch out
Larvae go through intestines to blood stream to lung tissue
Migrate up the respiratory tract, return to small intestine where they mature
Adults feed and shed eggs into feces |
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Term
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Definition
Dependent upon load size
Light: Asymptomatic, potential damage to small intestine
Heavy: Inflammatory response along migratory route, retardation of mental/physical development of children
Bowel obstructions |
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Term
| Control and Prevention of Ascaris |
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Definition
Effective drugs
Good hygiene as long as self inoculation doesn't occur
Properly dispose of human fecal waste
Treat water |
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Term
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Definition
Causes trichuriasis
Known as whipworm
High incidence in tropics
Reservoir: humans, food, water
Transmission: fecal-oral
Infectious stage: egg |
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Term
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Definition
Ingested egg into small intestine, where larvae hatch out
Larvae attach to intestinal wall
Adults move to large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
Light: Asymptomatic, localized hemorrhaging
Heavy: Dysentery, rectal prolapse, fatal for children |
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Term
| Control + Prevention of Trichuris |
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Definition
Effective drugs
Good hygiene
Properly dispose of human fecal waste
Treat water |
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Term
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Definition
Causes anterobiasis
Pinworm/seatworm
Most common worm disease among children
Reservoir: humans
Transmission: fecal-oral
Infectious stage: egg |
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Term
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Definition
Ingested eggs into small intestine
Larvae develop into adult
Mature adult females emerge from anus and release eggs
Eggs are sticky |
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Term
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Definition
Light load: Asymptomatic
Heavy load: Anal itchiness, disruptive sleep, nausea, diarrhea |
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Term
| Control + Prevention of Enterobius |
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Definition
Good hygiene
Clean house
Whole family should be treated |
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Term
| Necator Americanus +Ancylostoma Duodenale |
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Definition
Known as hookworms
Endemic to tropics/subtropics
Reservoir: humans, soils
Transmission: larvae penetration through skin
Infectious stage: filaform larvae
Target: small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
Eggs in human feces go to soil
Climb up grass
The larvae penetrate the skin of bare feet for hair follicles
Larvae go into blood, then lungs, then small intestine, anchor to intestine wall |
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Term
| Control and Prevention of hookworms |
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Definition
Proper use of human waste
Wear shoes |
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Term
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Definition
Causes trichinosis
Occurs world wide
Spends entire life in host
Reservoir: pigs, bears, dogs
Transmission: consumption of undercooked meat/pork
Infectious stage: larvae
Target: small intestine |
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Term
| Life cycle of trichirella spinalis |
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Definition
larvae encysted in animal muscle
Ingested, hatch in intestine
Adults reproduce new larvae, which burrow through intestine and go into circulation
Larvae form cysts |
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Term
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Definition
Heavy load: flu, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pains, fever
Intense muscle swelling/pain, puffy eyes, SOB |
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Term
| Control and Prevention of trichinosis |
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Definition
No cure when encysted in muscles
Adequately cook/freeze meat |
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Term
| Wuchereria Bancrofti info |
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Definition
Causes bancroftian filariasis
Occurs in tropical area
Reservoir: humans
Transmission: mosquitos
Infectious stage: microfilarial larvae
Targets: lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| Life cycle of wuchereria bancrofti |
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Definition
microfilarie go to skin
Mosquitos pick it up
Larvae is introduced to humans
Larvae penetrate into lymph vessels where they mature
Microfilariae produces more |
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Term
| Symptoms of wuchereria bancrofti |
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Definition
Inflammation of skin, swollen lymph nodes
Chronic leads to elephantitis
Increased risk of ulcerations, secondary infections |
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Term
| Control + Prevention of wuchereria bancrofti |
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Definition
Drugs to kill larvae
Vector control |
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