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| *Republican. *Won the 1920 presidential election. *Campaign slogan was “return to normalcy.” |
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| *Increasingly separated ownership of corporate stock from the everyday control of businesses. *Alfred P. Sloan of GM and Oven D. Young of RCA. *Tried to make the workplaces more productive, stable, and profitable through scientific management and theories of behavioral psychology. |
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| *The control of a market by a few large producers. |
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| *Corporate strategy that sought to undermine labor unions and collective bargaining. *Large employers aggressively promoted a variety of new programs designed to improve worker well-being and morale. |
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| *Endorsed by the National Association of Manufacturers adn the Chamber of Commerce. *Discourage workers from joining a union by allowing nonworkers the benefits won by the unions. |
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| *Created the continuous assembly line. *Revolutionized the factory shop floor with new, custom-built machinery, such as the engine-boring drill press and the pneumatic wrench, and a more efficient layout. |
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| *Henry Ford’s factory. *Produced one car ever 90 minutes by 1914. *Produced one car every ten seconds by 1925. |
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| *1914 *Ford created a new wage scale of $5 for an eight-hour day. *It was approximately double the average pay rate for industrial labor, and a shorter workday. |
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| *Began during WWI. *Roughly 1.5 million African Americans from th rural south migrated to cities is search of economic opportunities during the 1920's doubling the black populations of New York, Chicago, Detroit, and Houston. |
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| *The car allowed for a larger average lot size and in turn lower residential density. It also became essential for commuting to work and encouraged the movement of workplaces out of the central city. Shopping |
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| *Ida Watkins of Haskell County , Kansas. *Made $75,000 from wheat on her 2,000 acres in 1926. |
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| *Federal initiative for farm relief. *A series of complicated measures designed to prop up and stabilize farm prices. |
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| *Ended up dominating moviemaking. * It was based on industrial principles. *Combined the production, distribution, and exhibition. *Controlled hundreds of movie theaters. |
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| *Radio station in Westinghouse main plant. *Founded by Harry P. Davis. *It offered regular nightly broadcasts that were probably heard by only a few hundred people. *Began with the presidential election returns that November 1920. |
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| *Writing focused on sex, scandal, and sports and included gossip columns, “true confession” stories, racy headlines, shocking photos, sexually charged images. *Attracted huge audience. *Appealed to the working-class and immigrants. |
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| *The largest African American baseball league. *Organized by Andrew “Rube” Foster in 1920. |
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| *Became popular because of continued media coverage. *Mainly football. |
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| *Smiling gangster talked with reporters who transformed his criminal exploits int important news events. |
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| *Completed the first solo transatlantic airplane flight in 1927. |
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| *A young, sexually aggressive woman with bobbed hair, rouged cheeks, and a short skirt. *Loved to dance to jazz music, enjoyed smoking cigarettes, and drank bootleg liquor in cabarets and dance halls. *Could be competitive, assertive, and a good pal. |
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| *Took over presidency in 1923 after Harding died of a heart attack. *Reelected in 1924. *Reducing federal spending, lowering taxes, and blocking congressional initiatives. *Pro-business (“The business of America is Business”) |
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| *Originally secretary of commerce. *Won presidency in 1929. *Wanted to create a favorable business climate and actively assist the business community. |
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| *Interior Secretary Albert Fall. *recieved hundreds of thousands of dollars in payoffs when he secretly leased navy oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, California to two private oil developers. *First cabinet officer to got to jail. |
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| *Influential Pittsburg banker. *Secretary of Treasury for all 3 Rep. Presidents in 1920's. *Cut budget and taxes free up capital for new investments and promote economic growth. *Decrease taxes for high income and business. |
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| *Hoover. *Government would encourage voluntary cooperation among corporations, consumers, workers, farmers, and small business. *Department of Commerce. |
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| *Germany forced to pay $33 billion. *Unfair punishment of the losers. *Destroy civilian economy and impossible to repay. *Daws Plan reduced Germany's debt, stretched out the repayment period, and arranged for American bankers to lend funds to Germany. *Allowed Germany pay Allies and the Allies to repay the US. |
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| *Pact of Paris in 1928. *Signed by US and 62 nations. *US secretary of state Frank B Kellogg and French foreign minister Aristide Braind. *Grandly and naively renounced war in principle. |
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| *Set terms at end of World War I |
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| * America propped up the conservative government of Adolfo Diaz in Nicaragua. *He worked closely with the State Department. *When a popular revolt led by General Augustino Sandino broke out in 1927, American marines landed and Supervised elections for 5 years and withdrew in 1933. *Left bitter legacy that caused problems in 1980's. |
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| *Established a federal Prohibition Bureau to enforce the 18th Amendment, but it was understaffed. |
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| *Boosted by Prohibtion. *Profits to be made in the illegal liquor trade dwarfed the traditional sources of criminal income-gambling, prostitution, and robbery. *Similar to larger trends in American business: smaller operations gave way to larger and more complex combinations. *Violent. |
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| *Boosted by Prohibtion. *Profits to be made in the illegal liquor trade dwarfed the traditional sources of criminal income-gambling, prostitution, and robbery. *Similar to larger trends in American business: smaller operations gave way to larger and more complex combinations. *Violent. |
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Term
| Immigration Restriction League |
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| *Founded in 1894 by a group of prominent Harvard graduates, including Henry Cabot Lodge and John Fiske. *Provided an influential forum for the fears of the nation's elite. *Used newer scientific arguments, based on a flawed application of Darwinian evolutionary theory and genetics, to support its call for immigration restriction. |
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| *Set a maximum of 357,000 new immigrants each year. *Quotas limited annual immigration from any European country to 3% of the number of natives in 1910 census. |
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| Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924 |
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| *Quota at 2% of number of foreign-born counted fro each nationality in the census for 1890 when far fewer southern or easter Europeans were resent in the United States. * Max=164,000. *Did not apply to Canada, Mexico, or others in Western Hemisphere. |
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| *D.W. Griffith's racist spectacle that depicted the original KKK as a heroic organization. *Inspired the new Klan. |
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| *Patterned itself on the secret rituals and antiblack hostility of its predecessor, and until 1920 it was limited to a few local chapters in Georgia and Alabama. *Hiram W. Evans becam imperial wizard in 1922 and trasformed it. *HIred professional fund-raisers and publicists and directed an effective recruitin scheme that paid a commission to sponsors of a new member. *Support Rohibition and attacked birth control and Darwinism. *Social movement included women and advocated traditional Protestant values. |
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| *Young biology teacher who deliberately broke the Tennessee law restricting teaching evolution in 1925 in order to challenge it in court. * Resulting trial that summer in Dayton drew international attention. *Attorneys from ACLU and Clarence Darrow. *Became Scopes "monkey trial" |
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| *The most famous trial lawyer who defended Scopes. *Denied right to call scientists so call William Jennings Bryan. |
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| *Lame-Duck Period. *Start of presidential term. |
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| *League of United Latin American Citizens. *Group of middle-class Mexican professionals in Texas. *1929. *Marked beginning of a long struggle to bring economic, social, and racial equality to Mexican Americans. |
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| *Harlem was the demographic and cultural capital of black America. *Magnet for African American intellectuals, artists, musicians, and writers from all over the world. |
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