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Chapter 23
N/A
21
Chemistry
10th Grade
05/08/2009

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Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
are molecules that are composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
a simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate
Term
Disccharide
Definition
is a sugar that consists of two monosaccharide units that are joined together
Term
Condensation Reaction
Definition
is a reaction in which two moelcules or parts of the same molecule combine
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
is a chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two or more new substances
Term
Polysaccharide
Definition
is a carbohydrate made up of long chains of simple sugars
Term
Lipid
Definition
is a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water and has a high percentage of C and H atoms
Term
Saponification
Definition
a reaction from when fat combines with NaOH
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
are organic molecules that contain two functional groups
Term
Protein
Definition
is an organic biological polymer that is made up of polupeptide chains of 50 or more amino acids and is an important building block of all cells
Term
Enzyme
Definition
is aprotein that catalyzes a biochemical reaction
Term
Denaturation
Definition
is a change in a proteins characteristic three dimensional shape due to changes of its secondary tertiary and quanternary structure
Term
Metabolism
Definition
is the sum of all the chemical processess that occur in an organism
Term
Adenosine Triphospate
Definition
is a high energy molecule that plant cells use to make carbohydrates.
Term
Heterotrophs
Definition
Living things, including most microorganisms, which depend on plants or other animals for food
Term
Catabolism
Definition
is the part of metabolism in which complex compounds break down into simpler ones and is accompanied by the release of energy
Term
Anabolism
Definition
the conversion of small biomolecules into larger ones
Term
Nucleic Acid
Definition
is an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules carry genetic information and is made up of one or two chains of monomer units called nucleotides.
Term
DNA Replication
Definition
the process by which an identical copy of the original DNA is formed
Term
Ribosome
Definition
is a cell organelle that is composed of RNA and protien. The main site of protein production in cells
Term
Cloning
Definition
is the process of making an exact copy of an organism
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