Term
| How are organic compounds classified? |
|
Definition
| Organic compounds can be classified according to their functional groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A halocarbon is a carbon containing compound with a halogen substituent. |
|
|
Term
| How may halocarbons be prepared? |
|
Definition
| A halogen can replace a hydrogen atom on an alkane to produce a halocarbon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a class of organic compounds containing covalently bonded fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| halocarbons in which a halogen is attached to a carbon of an aliphatic chain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| halocarbons in which a halogen is attached to a carbon of an arene ring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an atom, or a group of atoms, replaces another atom or group of atoms. |
|
|
Term
| How are alcohols classified? |
|
Definition
| aliphatic alcohols can be classified into structural categories according to the number of R groups attached to the carbon with the hydroxyl group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When using the IUPAC system to name continuous-chain and substituted alcohols, drop the -e ending of the parent alkane name and add the ending -ol. |
|
|
Term
| How does the solubility of an alcohol vary with the length of its carbon chain? |
|
Definition
| alcohols of up to four carbons are soluble in water in all proportions. The solubility of alcohols with four or more carbons in the chain is usually much lower. |
|
|
Term
| What reactions of alkenes may be used to introduce functional groups into organic molecules? |
|
Definition
| addition reactions of alkenes are an important method of introducing new functional groups into organic molecules. |
|
|
Term
| What is the general structure of an ether and how are their alkyl groups named? |
|
Definition
| the general structure of an ether is R-O-R. The alkyl groups attached to the ether linkage are named in alphabetical order and are followed by the word ether. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organic compound with an -OH group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the -OH functional group in alcohols |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the production of ethanol from sugars by the action of yeast or bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ethanol with an added substance to make it toxic (poisonous). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance is added at the double or triple bond of an alkene or alkyne. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the addition reaction of water to an alkene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the addition of hydrogen to a carbon-carbon double bond to produce an alkane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a compound in which oxygen is bonded to two carbon groups. |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of a carbonyl group found in aldehydes and ketones? |
|
Definition
| The C=0 functional group is present in aldehydes and ketones. |
|
|
Term
| What is the general formula for a carboxylic acid? |
|
Definition
| the general formula for a carboxylic acid is RCOOH. |
|
|
Term
| What is the general structure of an ester? |
|
Definition
| Esters contain a carbonyl group and an ether link to the carbonyl carbon. The general formula for an ester is RCOOR. |
|
|
Term
| Why is dehydrogenation an oxidation reaction? |
|
Definition
| dehydrogenation is an oxidation reaction because the loss of each molecule of hydrogen involves the loss of two electrons from the organic molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a functional group with the general structure C=O |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is always joined to at least one hydrogen. The general formula is RCHO. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is joined to two other carbons. The general formula is RCOR. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a compound with a carboxyl group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it consists of a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the name given to continuous-chain carboxylic acids that were first isolated from fats. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| derivatives of carboxylic acids in which the -OH of the carboxyl group has been replaced by an -OR from an alcohol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the loss of hydrogen. Strong heating and a catalyst are usually necessary. |
|
|
Term
| How does an addition polymer form? |
|
Definition
| An addition polymer forms when unsaturated monomers react to form a polymer. |
|
|
Term
| How are condensation polymers formed? |
|
Definition
| Condensation polymers are formed by the head-to-tail joining of monomer units. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of repeating smaller molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smaller molecules that combine to form a polymer. |
|
|
