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| Causes of the Decline of the Qing Dynasty |
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Definition
| Intense pressure from modern west, corruption, peasant unrest, incompetence, population growth resulted in food shortage, foreigners power. |
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| Europeans were restricted to this trading outlet, the British did not like this. |
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| British started trading Opium, a highly addictive drug, resulting in profits for British. Chinese outlaw its trade, but British easily defeated them. |
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| River that the British fleet sailed up to Nanjing. |
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| Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 |
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Definition
| Chinese open five coastal ports to British trade, limit taxes on goods, pay for costs of war, British get the island of Hong Kong. |
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| Europeans live in their own sections and were not subject to Chinese laws but to their own laws. |
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| Christian convert, leader of the Tai Ping Rebellion who viewed himself as a younger brother of Jesus Christ. |
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| Peasant revolt from 1850-1864 against the failing Chinese government. Led by Hong Xiuquan. |
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| Wishes of Tai Ping Rebellion |
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Definition
| Social reforms, giving land to all peasants and treating women equal to men. Also for people to give up private possessions and share everything. (Communism) |
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| End of Tai Ping Rebellion |
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Definition
| Europeans come to aid of Qing dynasty seeing destructive nature of rebels. Qing retake Nanjing in 1864. |
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| Effects of Tai Ping Rebellion |
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Definition
| As many as 20 million deaths. |
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Definition
| Chinese legalize opium trade and open new ports to foreign trade. Surrendered Kowloon Peninsula to Britain. When Chinese resisted parts of the treaty, the British seized Beijing in 1860. |
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| A policy promoted by reformers toward the end of the Qing dynasty under which China would adopt Western technology while keeping its Confucian values and institutions. |
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| Areas where the imperial powers had exclusive trading rights. |
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| Nations having spheres of Influences |
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Definition
| Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Japan. |
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| Young emperor who in 1898 launched a massive reform program based on changes in Japan. |
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| Nature of Guang Xu's reform program |
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Definition
| Following western models in schooling, government, banks, and weapons. |
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| Dominant force in court and opposed Xu's reforms. With the aid of the army, she eventually imprisoned the emperor and ended his reform efforts. |
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| Proposed the Open Door Policy |
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| All major states with economic interests in China should have equal trading rights. Reflected US's concern for the survival of China, and US trading companies. |
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| Popular name given to members of a secret organization called the Society of Harmonious Fists. |
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| They could not be harmed by bullets. Upset by foreign takeover of Chinese lands, and Christian missionaries. |
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| Boxers slaughtered foreign missionaries, Chinese Christians,and foreign businessmen. |
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| End to the Boxer Rebellion |
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Definition
| Army of twenty thousand British, French, German, Russian, American, and Japanese troops took Beijing in 1900. Chinese had to pay a heavy indemnity. |
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| Young radical who formed the Revive China Society. Believed the Qing dynasty was in a state of decay and could no longer govern the country. |
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| Three stage reform process of Sun Yat-sen |
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Definition
| Military Takeover, Transitional phase in which Sun's own revolutionary party would prepare people for democracy, the final stage of Constitutional democracy. |
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| Infant who was China's last emperor. |
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| Followers of Sun Yat-sen overthrew the government. |
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| A member of the old order who controlled the army of Sun Yat-sen. |
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| Effects of Sun Yat-sen revolution |
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Definition
| Ended the Qing Dynasty, but produced no new political or social order. |
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| Effects of China in Transition |
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Definition
| National market for commodities, faster transportation, better banking system, new crops, bringing Chinese economy to its height. |
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Term
| 3 Effects of Westerners coming to China |
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Definition
| Modern transportation and communication, export market, and integrated the Chinese market into the world economy. |
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| Major industrial and commercial centers in China |
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Definition
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| Changes in Art and Literature in China |
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Definition
| Western influence becomes popular. |
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| Brought a letter from Millard Fillmore to Japan asking for better treatment of sailors shipwrecked on Japanese islands. Requested opening of relations between US and Japan. |
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| Attacked the shogun's palace in Kyoto and restored the power of the emperor. |
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| Lead the Meiji Restoration, controlled by Sat-Cho leaders, moved capital from Kyoto to Edo. |
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| Changes in Japanese Politics |
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Definition
| Lessen power of daimyo, lords were given government bonds and were named governors of the lands formerly under their own control. Set up political system based on Western model. |
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| Territory governed by its former daimyo lord. |
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| Traveled around to powers to study their governments. |
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| Democratic in form but authoritarian in practice. Still traditional because the power remained in an oligarchy. |
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| New land tax, annual rate of 3 percent. Bad for farmers. Industrialization is encouraged. |
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| New imperial army created with modern weapons, universal system of American model schooling, Western practices adopted. |
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Definition
| Women were allowed to seek an education |
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Term
| Daily Life changes in Meiji |
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Definition
| Western fashions, young people thank for themselves, laborers worked up to 20 hours a day. |
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Term
| Japan imperialist actions |
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Definition
| Took the Ryuku islands in 1874, took Port Arthur in 1884, defeated Russian navy |
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Term
| U.S. Reaction to Japan's power |
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Definition
| Feared Japan's power in East Asia. Theodore Roosevelt stopped Japanese immigration to the United States. |
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