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Details Title: Chapter 22 Description: 22 Northside Holt Chemistry Total Flash Cards: 41 Created: 10/15/2004 11:35:27	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Nucleons Definition A proton or a neutron Term Nuclide Definition General term for any isotope of any element. Term Mass Defect Definition Differences between the mass of an atom annd the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons. Term Nuclear Binding Energy Definition Energy released when a nucleus is formed from nucleons Term Binding energy per nucleon Definition The binding energy of the nucleus divided by the number of nucleons it contains Term Band of Stability Definition The stable nuclei cluster over a range of neutron-proton ratios Term Nuclear Shell Model Definition The nucleons that exist in different energy levels, or shells in the nucleus Term Magic Numbers Definition Numbers of nucleons that represent completed nuclear energy levels - 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126 Term Nuclear Reaction Definition A reaction that affects the nucleus of an atom Term Transmutation Definition A change in the identity of a nucleus as a result of a change in the number of its protons Term Radioactivity Decay Definition The spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus, accompanied by emission of particles, electromagnetic radiation, or both. Term Nuclear Radiation Definition Particles or elecromagentic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay. Term Alpha Particle Definition Two protons and two neutrons bound together and is emitted fron the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay. Term Beta Particle Definition An electron emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay. Term Positron Definition A particle that has the same mass as an electron, but has a positive charge, and is emitted during some kinds of radioactive decay. Term Gamma Rays Definition High-energy electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus as it changes from an excited state to a ground energy state. Term Electron Capture Definition Occurs when an inner orbital electron is captured by the nucleus of its own atom. Term Half-life Definition The time required for half the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay. Term Decay Series Definition A series of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide is reached. Term Parent Nuclide Definition The heaviest nuclide of a decay series. Term Daughter Nuclides Definition The nuclides produced by the decay of the parent nuclides. Term Transuranium Elements Definition Elements with more than 92 protons in their nuclei. Term Radioactive Dating Definition The process by which the approximate age of an object is determined based on the amount of certain radioactive nuclides present. Term Fission Definition Process in which a very heavy nucleus splits into more-stable nuclei of intermediate mass. Term Chain Reaction Definition A reaction in which the material that starts the reaction is also one of the products and can start another reaction. Term Nuclear Power Plants Definition These use heat from nuclear reactors to produce electrical energy. Term Critical Mass Definition The minimum amount of nuclide that provides the number of neutrons needed to sustain a chain reaction. Term Nuclear Reactors Definition These use controlled-fission chain reactions to produce energy or radioactive nuclides. Term Nuclear Fusion Definition Light-mass nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus. Term Artificial Transmutation Definition Bombardment of stable nuclei with charged and uncharged particles. Term Film Badge Definition A device that uses exposure of film to measure the approximate radiation exposure of people working with radiation. Term Geiger-Muller Counter Definition An instrument that detects radiation by counting electric pulses carried by gas ionized by radiation. Term Radioactive Tracer Definition A radioactive atom that is incorporated into a substance so that movement of the substance can be followed by a radiation detector. Term rem Definition The quantity of ionizing radiation that does as much damage to human tissue as is done by 1 roentgen of high voltage X rays. Term Roentgen Definition A unit used to measure nuclear radiation; equal to the amount of radiation that produces 2E9 ion pairs when it passes through a cubic centimeter of dry air. Term Scintillation Counter Definition An instrument that converts scintillating light to an electric signal for detecting radiation. Term Control Rods Definition Neutron-absorbing rods that help control a nuclear reaction by controlling the number of free electrons. Term Moderator Definition A material used to slow down the fast neutrons produced by fission. Term Shielding Definition Radiation-absorbing material that is used to decrease exposure to radiation, especially gamma rays from nuclear reactors. Term Nuclear Waste Definition Radioactive products of fusion and fission reactions. Term Radioactive Nuclide Definition An unstable nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay.