Cartography

the system of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the forms of maps.

1.      Political

2.      Physical

3.      Mercator

Colonialism

the establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination by a state over a separate and alien society.

1.      Africa

2.      Caribbean

3.      South America

All by Europeans

Colonization

the physical settlement in a new territory of people from a colonizing state.

1.      New World

2.      Philippines

3.      Rome

Commodity chain

networks of labor and production processes that originate in the extraction or production of raw materials and whose end result is the delivery & use of a finished commodity.

1.      Jeans-zipper-japan, dye-milan, thread-ireland, design-usa

2.      Colas beers candies

3.      Drugs

Comparative advantage-

Places/regions will specialize in activities for which they have the greatest advantage in productivity relative to other regions.

1.Cotton in  India

2. Coffee in Brazil, Java, &Kenya

3.Palm oil in West Africa

4.Bananas in Central America

5.Sugar in Carribean

Core regions- of the world-systems

regions that domnate trade, control the most advanced technologies, and have high levels of productivity within diversified economies.

Firsts

1.Holland and England+France-Europe

then

2. U.S.

3.Japan

Division of Labor

the specialization of different people, regions, and countries in certain kinds of economic activities.

1.look at comparative advantage

2. Sub-Saharan Africa- tea, cocoa, & coffee

3.men hunted and fished and women gathered vegetable foods (fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts).

Environmental Determinism

the belief that human activity is completely shaped by the environment...ppl's economic vitality, cultural activities, and social structures

1. areas in the tropics were less developed than higher latitudes because the continuously warm weather there made it easier to survive and thus, people living there did not work as hard to ensure their survival.

2.Island nations have unique cultural traits solely because of their isolation from continental societies.

3.temperate climates with short growing seasons stimulate achievement, economic growth, and efficiency.-Ellsworth Huntington

Ethnocentrism

the attitude that one's own own race and culture are superior to those of others.

1. Manifest Destiny North America

2. Nazis-Germans

3.Westerner view on chopstisticks vs. spork

External Arena

Regions not yet absorbed into the world-system.

1. Austrialia

2. New zealand

3. Antartica:D

Fast World

-refers to core regions, people, regions, and places directly involved, as producers and consumers, in tansnational industry, modern telecommunications. materialistic consumption, and international news and enternainment, especially.

1. U.S.

2.England

3.Brazil

Hearth areas

geographic settings where new practices have developed and from which they have subsequently spread.

Agicultural

1.Mid. East-Fertile Crescent, Tigris and Euphrates R.s

2. China-Huang He R.

3.Americas-Andes Tehuacan valley

Hinterland

the sphere of economic influence of a town or city.-the tributary area from which it collects products to be exported & through which it distubutes imports.

1.       Mediterranean north africa                              

2.   Portuguese and spanish central n south america                         

3.                                           

Imperialism

the deliberate exercise of military power and economic influence by powerful states in order to advance and secure their national interests.

1.apartheid in Africa

2.gold/south america-caribbean

3. Cuba

Import Substitution

copying and making goods previously available only by trading.

1. European Merchants
2. latin am
3. asian countries

Law of diminishing returns

productivity tends to decline after a certain point, even with the addition of capital and labor to a given resource base.

1. empire building
2. the factory becomes overcrowded and workers begin to form lines to use the machines.
3. After eating X amount of food, your satisfaction of the additional food becomes lesser

Map projections

any method of depicting the Earth on a plane.

All map projections have some type of distortion or deformation;the distortion may be of area, shape, size, distance, direction, or scale.

1. Mercator
2. Robinson
3. sterographic-polar

Masculinism

the assumption that the world is, and should be, shaped mainly by mem for men.

1. Roman
2. Africa
3. Asia

Minisystem

a society with a single cultural base and a reciprocal social economy.

1. Namibia
2. Aztecs
3. ancient africa

Neocolonialism

economic and political strategies by which powerful state as in core economies indirectly maintain or extend their influence over other areas or people.

the continuation of the economic model of colonialism after a colonized territory has achieved formal political independence.

1. us in latin am
2. europeans in africa
3. Mexico by

Peripheral Regions

dependent and disadvantageous  trading relatyionships, by primitive or obsolescent technologies and ny undeveloped or narrowly specialized economies with low levels of productivity. Third World countries

1. Ethiopia
2. Guatemala
3. Nepal

Plantation

large lanholdings specializing in the production of a single crop for sale as opposed to local consumption.

1. cotton in north am
2. caribbean- sugarcane
3. brazil-banana

Producer Services

services such as information services, insurance, and market research that enhance the productivity or efficiency of firms' activities or that enable them to maintain specialized roles.

1. advertising,
2. maintenance,
3. sanitation, business consulting, auditing, and engineering

Semiperipheral regions

states/regions whos economies are influenceed by core states but yet can also influence and dominate the peripheral states

1. Mexico
2. India
3. Brazil

Slash-and-burn

an early agricultural technique, in which plants are harvested close to the ground , the stubble is left to dry, and then ignited, the ash provides fertilizer for the soil.

1. tropical rain forests
2. grasslands
3. and woodlands in Europe and North America

Slow world

consists of people, places, and regions whose participation in transnational industry, modern telecommunications, materialistic consumption, and international news and enterntainment is limited.

1. shantytowns of Mexico City
2. rural Appalachia
3. jungles of

Spatial Justice

condsider the fairness of distribtion of burdens and benefits at different scales, taking into account variations in people's need and their contribution to the production of wealth and social well-being.

1. wealth differences
2. communication
3. population

Technology System

clusters of interelated energy, transportaion, and production technologies that dominate economic activity for several decades at a time.

1. Railroads
2. steam engines
3. nuclear power

Transnational corporations

companies with investments and businesses operations that span international  boundaries and with facilities in many countries.

1. Nestle
2. General Electric
3. Exxon Mobil

World-Empire

a group of minisystems that have been absorbed into a common political system while retaining their fundamental culrural differnces.

1. Roman
2. Russian
3. China

World-System

AN INDEPENDENT SYSTEM OF COUNTRIES LINKED BY POLItical and economic competion.

1. triangula trade
2. European
3. transatlantic trade