Term
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Definition
- 1st line of defense against pathogens
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Enter through skin breaks
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Skin mostly inhospitable for microbes
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Salt inhibits microbes
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Lysozyme breaks apart peptidoglycan
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Perspiration and sebum contain nutrients
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Moisture of armpits, etc have higher population
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Contribute to body odor
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Normal Microbiota of the skin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Vesicle: fluid-filled superficial lesion
- Bulla: similar to vesicle, larger than 1 cm
- Macule: slightly raised reddish rash or lesion (Measles)
- Pustule (papule): contains pus well beneath cutaneous layer
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Term
| Staphylococcus epidermidis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Gram-positive cocci, coagulase-positive
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20% population have in nasal passages; another 60% carry it
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More pathogenic
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Staphylococcal skin infection
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Numerous virulence factors
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Some strains produce enterotoxins
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Associated with resistance
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MRSA (methicillin resistant S. aureus)
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Term
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Definition
- Infection of the hair follicles
- Pus is formed
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Term
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Definition
- Folliculitis of an eyelash
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Term
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Definition
- Abscess; pus surrounded by inflammed tissue
- 1-2 cm EX: boil
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Term
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Definition
- Inflammation of tissue under the skin
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Term
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Definition
- Crusting (nonbullous) sores, spread by autoinoculation
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Term
| Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Bullous impetigo
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Impetigo of the newborn
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Term
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Definition
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Gram-positive; grow in chains
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Group A
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beta-hemolytic streptococci (lyse RBCs)
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“strep throat”
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can lead to scarlet fever
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Group A Streptococcal Infections |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Mild
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Sebum channels blocked with shed cells
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Treatment
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Topical agents
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Salicylic acid preparations
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Retinoids- vitamin A derivatives (Retin-A)
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Term
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Definition
- Propionibacterium acnes
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Gram-positive, anaerobic rod
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Form fatty acids after metabolizing sebum as a nutrient; causes inflammatory response
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Treatment
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Preventing sebum formation (isotretinoin-Accutaine); causes severe birth defects
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Antibiotics
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Benzoyl peroxide to loosen clogged follicles
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Visible (blue) light (kills P. acnes)
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Term
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Definition
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Severe
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Treatment
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Isotretinoin
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Term
|
Definition
- Warts
- Very contagious
- Treatment
- Removal
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Cryotherapy
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Electrodesiccation
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Salicylic acid
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Term
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Definition
- associated with cervical cancer
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Term
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Definition
- Smallpox virus (orthopox virus)
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Variola major has 20% mortality
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Variola minor has <1% mortality
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Eradicated by vaccination
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Only 2 stocks of the virus in world: CDC and Russia
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Bioterrorism concern
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Vaccination of military
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Varicella-zoster virus (human herpesvirus 3)
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Mild childhood disease
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Transmitted by the respiratory route
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Causes pus-filled vesicles
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Virus may remain latent in nerves
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Prevention: Live attenuated vaccine
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Breakthrough varicella in vaccinated people
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Booster needed
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Term
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Definition
- Herpes zoster
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Reactivation of latent HHV-3 releases viruses that move along peripheral nerves to skin
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Trigger- stress; lower immunity ass. With aging
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Rash unilateral
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Postherpetic neuralgia: severe burning/pain lasting years
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Prevention: Live attenuated vaccine
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Acyclovir may lessen symptoms
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Term
| Human herpesvirus 1: HSV-1 |
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Definition
- 90% population infected; most subclinical
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Many cases: cold sores or fever blisters (vesicles on lips)
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Not same canker sores (different location)
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Latent in nerves- trigger sun, stress, hormones
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Herpes gladiatorum (vesicles on skin)
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Herpetic whitlow (vesicles on fingers)
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Term
| Human herpesvirus 2: HSV-2 |
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Definition
- can remain latent in nerves
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Sexually transmitted disease
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HSV-2 encephalitis: 70% fatality
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Can occur in infants born to HSV-2 positive mothers
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Treatment: Acyclovir
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Rubella virus (German Measles) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Erythema infectiosum
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Name derived from a 1905 list of skin rashes, which included
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Human parvovirus B19 produces mild flu-like symptoms and facial rash
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“slapped cheek” facial rash
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Fungal infections of the hair, nails and outer layer of skin
- Also known as tineas or ringworm
- Metabolize keratin
- Tinea capitis (scalp), tinea cruris (groin), tinea pedis (foot), tinea unguium (nails)
- Treatment- topical miconazole
- Cutaneous Mycoses
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Term
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Definition
- may result from suppression of competing bacteria by antibiotics
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Occurs in skin and mucous membranes of genitourinary tract and mouth
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Topical treatment with miconazole or nystatin
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Fulminating disease can result in immunosuppressed individuals (HIV)
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Treatment: Fluconazole
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- An inflammation of the conjunctiva
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Also called pinkeye or red eye
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Commonly caused by Haemophilus influenzae
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Various other microbes can also be the cause
-
adenovirus
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Associated with unsanitary contact lenses
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Causes inclusion conjunctivitis, or chlamydial conjunctivitis
- Transmitted to a newborn's eyes during passage through the birth canal
- Spread through swimming pool water
- Treated with tetracycline
- Causes trachoma
- Leading cause of blindness worldwide
- Infection causes permanent scarring; scars abrade the cornea leading to blindness
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