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| any benign tumor projecting from surface epithelium |
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| a benign tumor. Root word designates primary tissue of origin |
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| malignant tumor arising from surface, glandular, or parenchymal epithelium (but not endothelium or mesothelium) |
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| malignant tumor of any primary tissue other than surface, glandular, and parenchymal epithelium |
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| vessels (type not specified) |
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| all neoplasms of lymphoid tissue are called lymphomas and are malignant: Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas |
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pigment-producing cells of the epidermis
benign: nervus, a Latin word that means "birthmark"
malignant: melanoma or malignant melanoma
keratinocytes
benign: basal cell carcinoma
malignant: squamous cell carcinoma (sometimes metastasize) |
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| Teratoma Tumors (Of Mixed Components) |
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| derived from cells that have the potential to differentiate into different types of tissue (bone, muscle, glands, epithelium, brain tissue, hair) and may be either benign or malignant. A common type of cystic benign teratoma arising in the ovary is usually called a dream cyst |
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| derived from persisting groups of embryonic cells of the brain, retina, adrenal gland, kidney, liver, or genital tract. Named from the site of origin, with the suffix "-blastoma" added (blast = a primitive cell + oma = tumor); medulloblastoma: medulla of the brain; retinoblastoma: retina of the eye; hepatoblastoma: live; Wilm's tumor: kidney, exception in naming (nephroblastoma not used) |
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| Noninfiltrating (In Situ) Carcinoma |
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| noninfiltrating tumors are common in many location, including the breast, cervix, colon, skin, and urinary tract. |
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refers to conditions that have a high likelihood of developing into cancer:
skin cancer
actinic keratoses ("actinic" refers to sun rays)
lentigo maligna (a latin term meaning "malignant freckle")
oral cancer
leukoplakis (leuko = white + plakia = patch) may develop in the mucous membranes of the mouth as a result of exposure to tobacco tars from smoking or use of smokeless tobacco
colon polyps |
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| withdrawl of fluid from a lump, often a cyst |
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| removal of cells or tissues for examination under a microscope |
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| scope inserted through the nose or mouth to examine the inside of the trachea, bronchi, and lung |
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| scope inserted into the rectum to examine the colon |
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| scope inserted into the urethra to examine the bladder |
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| examination of the larynx (voice box) with a mirror or with a laryngoscope |
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| scope inserted into the sigmoid part of the colon. Also called proctosigmoidoscopy |
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| Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation |
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| a procedure in which bone marrow is removed from a person, stored, and then given back to the person following intensive treatment |
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| an anticancer drug, bacille calmette-Guerin (BCG), that activates the immune system |
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| Colony-Stimulating Factors |
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| substances that stimulate the production of blood cells; granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CFS); |
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| Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation |
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| replacing blood-forming cells destroyed by cancer treatment. Immature blood cells (stem cells) are given after treatment to help the bone marrow recover and produce healthy blood cells. Sources of stem cells are bone marrow and are allogeneic, autologous, or syngeneic |
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| stem cells donated by someone else |
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| stem cells removed from a person, stored, and then given back to the person following intensive treatment |
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| stem cells donated by an identical twin |
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| uses a machine to aim high-energy rays at the cancer |
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| given internally by placing radioactive material that is sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters directly into or near the tumor |
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| Systemic Radiation Therapy |
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| giving a radioactive substance, such as radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body |
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| surgical removal of the bladder |
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| treatment performed with an instrument that freezes and destroys abnormal tissues |
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| destroying tissue using an electric current |
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| surgical removal of the uterus |
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| a device that concentrates light into an intense, narrow beam used to cut or destroy tissue. It is used in microsurgery, photodynamic therapy, and for a variety of diagnostic purposes |
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| surgery to remove the tumor and a small amount of normal tissue around it |
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| surgery to remove the breast (or as much of the breast tissue as possible) |
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| surgical removal of one or both testicles |
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| surgical removal of an entire lung |
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| surgical removal of part or all of the prostate |
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| surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries |
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| drugs used to block the production or interfere with the action of male sex hormones |
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| Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist |
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| a substance that closely resembles luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), which controls the secretion of sex hormones; given to decrease secretion of sex hormones |
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| cancer that begins in cells that line certain internal organs |
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| benign (noncancerous) condition in which cells have abnormal features and are increased in number |
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| not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body |
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| a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control. |
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| any substance that causes cancer |
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| cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs |
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| a sac or capsule filled with fluid |
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| abnormal cells that involve only the lining of a duct. The cells have not spread outside the duct to other tissues in the breast |
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| a type of cancer in which the cells are flat and look like fish scales |
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| an inherited condition in which numerous polyps (tissue masses) develop on the inside walls of the colon and rectum. Increases the risk for colon cancer |
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| a benign smooth muscle tumor, usually in the uterus or gastrointestinal tract |
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| an abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue |
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| a group of lung cancers in which cells are large and look abnormal when viewed under a microscope |
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| Lobular Carcinoma In Situ |
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| abnormal cells found in the lobules of the breast. This condition seldom becomes invasive cancer. |
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| cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body |
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| Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer |
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| a group of lung cancers that includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma |
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| a type of lung cancer in which the cells look like oats when viewed under a microscope |
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| a growth that protrudes from a mucous membrane |
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| a cancer of the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue |
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| a type of lung cancer in which the cells appear small and round when viewed under the microscope |
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| cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells resembling fish scales |
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| an abnormal mass of tissue that results from excessive cell division |
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