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| Lord who urged farmers to grow turnips, which restored exhausted soil. |
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| Developed a steam engine powered by coal to pump water out of mines |
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| Engineer who improved on Newcomen’s engine |
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| Pioneered new methods of producing iron. He used coal to smelt iron |
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| Drug that prevents pain during surgery |
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| The process of taking over and fencing off land formerly shared by peasant farmers |
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| To separate iron from its ore |
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| Decribe how the Industiral Revolutions changed daily life, becoming a turning point in history. |
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| It did this by creating ways to make new things, giving an advance towards engineering |
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| Indentify three causes of the population explosion in Europe. |
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| Three causes of the population explosion in Europe were: More declining death rates than birthrates, better hygiene and sanitation, and along with improved medical care, further slowed deaths from disease |
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Explain the immpact of each of the following technologists:
(a) steam power
(b) improved iron |
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A) The impact of Steam was that with a steam engine, you could produce iron.
B) The impact of Improved Iron was to smelt the iron. |
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| What were the immediate and long-term effects of the agricultural revolution? |
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| Invented the “flying shuttle” where weavers worked so fast that they soon outpaced spinners. |
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| James Hargreaves- solved the “flying shuttles” problem by producing the spinning jenny in 1764, which spun many threads at the same time |
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| Invented the “water frame” which used water power to speed up spinning still further |
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| Developed steam powered locomotives to pull carriages along iron rails |
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| Wealth to invest in enterprises such as shipping, mines, railroads, and factories |
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| Places that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantities of goods |
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| Privately built roads that charged a fee to travelers who used them |
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| Describe four factors that helped bring about the Industrial Revolution in Britian. |
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| Resources, New Technology, Economic Conditions, and Political and Social Conditions |
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| How did the Industrial Revolution transform the textile industry? |
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| In the 1600’s, cotton cloth imported from India had become popular |
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| How did transportation improve in the early 1800s? Give three examples. |
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| Engineers built stronger bridges, Iron Rails, and Steamboat’s |
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Explain how each of the following helped contribute to demand for consumer goods in Britain:
(a) population explosion
(b) general economic prosperity |
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a) Investors produced large quantities of goods more efficiently.
b) As the supply of goods increased, prices fell |
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| To what continents did Britain export its cotton cloth? Explain how advances in transportation, such as the steamboat, contributed to Britain's global cotton trade. |
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a) Scotland, and Ireland.
b) It did this by many great advances in engines, and technology. It made transportation easier |
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| Protester who was against “labor-saving” machines |
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| Founded the Methodist Church |
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| Methodist meeting featured hymns and sermons promising forgiveness of sin and a better life to come |
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| - The movement of people to cities |
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| Multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments |
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| Workers organization to bargain with employers for better wages, hours, and working condition. |
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| Describe life in the new industrial city. |
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| New life in the industrial revolution was hard for people. Child Labor and Women Workers where two of the many things that went on during this time. Working conditions were harsh and life-threatening |
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(a) What were teh main characteristics of factory work?
(b) What special problems did factory work create for women? |
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A. The main characteristics of factory work are Rigid Discipline, Women Workers, and Child Labor.
B. Special problems that factory work created for women was that they were not home, so they couldn’t take care of their children or be there to do the cooking and cleaning |
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| How did the condition of the early industrial age improve? |
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| The conditions of the early industrial age improved by Protests and the New Middle Class |
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| Compare the life of a farmworker with that of an early factory worker. |
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The life of a farm worker would have been much easier. Life in the factory was hard work, life-threatening, time consuming, and low pay. |
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| What geographic feature do many of the industrial centers share? Why do you think this is so? |
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| They all go through the industrial cities. They do this because that is where most people go to buy and/or get things, and where all the city work is |
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| Laissez-faire economist who grimly predicted that population would outpace the food supply |
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| David Ricardo’s law stating that when wages were high, families had more children. |
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| Argued, alongside Jeremy Bentham (preached utilitarianism), that actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they cause pain |
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| Early socialists tried to build self-sufficient communities in which all work was shared and all property was owned in common |
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| Created the Idea of Marxism (he predicted the proletariat would be triumphant. It would then take control of the means of production and set up a classless, communist society. Such idea would mark the end of the struggles people had endured throughout history, because wealth and power would be equally shared). |
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Descrie the views of laissez-faire economists
(a) Adam Smith
(b) Thomas Malthus
(c) David Ricardo |
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A. Thomas Malthus’s view was that he grimly predicted that population would outpace the food supply.
B. David Ricardo’s view was that When Wages were high, families had more children (Iron Law of Wages).
C. Adam Smith’s view was that (he asserted) a free market- the unregulated exchange of goods and services- would come to help everyone, not just the rich. |
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| Contrast the approaches of utilitarians and soialists to solving economic problems. |
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| Utilitarianism thought that the goal of society should be the greatest happiness of the greatest number. Socialists would as a whole rather than private individuals would own and operate the means of production |
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Describe Karl Marx's view of history.
How have events challenged that view? |
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A. Karl Marx put forward a new theory, “Scientific Socialism”, which he claimed was based on a scientific study of history.
B. Events have changed that view by Marxism being created and failing |
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The idea that the goal of society should be the greatest happiness of the greatest number. |
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| Where people would as a whole rather than private individuals would own and operate the means of production |
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| The farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produced and distributed goods |
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A form of socialism that sees class struggle between employers and employees as unavoidable. |
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